Sociedade e natureza: uma análise do “espaço socioambiental” do Porto do Itaqui - São Luís - MA, no período de 1970-2017

Abstract

This study made reference to the social and environmental configurations related to the appropriation of the urban space. The purpose of this study was to identify the social and environmental implications pertinent to the port activities of the Port of Itaqui - São Luís, Maranhão, from 1970 to 2017. Therefore, it was sought to analyze how Itaqui port planning, through Empresa Maranhense de Administración Portuária adapts its environmental management, internally and externally, based on the matrix of sustainable port development proposed by the National Agency for Waterway Transportation and other theoretical contributions on sustainable port development, such as the port- City. In addition, we discussed the relationship of government agencies with regard to legal devices, in order to subsidize sustainable port actions at an ecological-environmental and social level, as well as their integration. In order to do so, it was based on the methodological considerations proposed by Neil Smith (1988), in order to expose the current dissonance between the economic, social and environmental bias. Milton Santos (2001) with the discussion about the port as technical object and second nature. Henry Lefebvre (2001) that deals with the city, among other categories indispensable to the scientific production mentioned above. And as evidences of the study were carried out the steps of bibliographical survey, documentary analysis of the port materials and urbanistic instruments of São Luís, technical visits in the Community of Cajueiro, Federal University of Maranhão, environmental governmental organs and events of the Maranhense Company of Port Administration. In short, the Itaqui Port has a scenario with several socioenvironmental problems that are measured by the Maranhense Port Administration Company, but not continuously and accurately. This is because the impacts come not only from the polygonal area of the port but, above all, from the set of companies located in the Industrial District of the municipality of São Luís. There is also a dissonance among federal, state and municipal public agents regarding the integration of urban planning instruments, and their respective contradictions between the ideal and the real, thus generating an aggravating and negative socio-environmental scenario.