Biomarcadores histológicos em Lutjanus chrysurus BLOCH (1791) capturados na ilha de Itamaracá afetada pelo derramamento de óleo no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze histological biomarkers in gills, liver, kidney and gonad in the species Lutjanus chrysurus in one of the stretches most affected by the oil spill in the state of Pernambuco. The fish were acquired by purchasing trade on the island of Itamaracá, Pernambuco. In the laboratory, biometrics of each specimen and dissection for removal and fixation gills, kidneys, gonads and liver was carried out when they were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. Then the gills were decalcified for 9 hours. The tissue samples were submitted to the standard histological technique, when they were dehydrated in crescents series of alcohols, cleared in xylene, impregnated and embedded in paraffin in then cross-sections of 5 micrometers thick were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and slides were analyzed under a light microscope. Biometric data of the fish in the study area were expressed as means and standard deviations. To verify normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test) was used and for homoscedasticity we used the Levene test. Student's t test was used to verify possible differences between means. Student's t test was used to compare the data of branchial and hepatic lesions found. The data showed significant lesions in gill and liver in fish from the study area. The main injuries found for the gills were fusion, hyperplasia, necrosis and lamellar disorganization, the statistical data show that there are significant differences only for the lamellar disorganization injury. The most observed liver lesions were fibrosis, necrosis and steatosis for sample collection 1, while for sample collection 2 the most frequent lesions were necrosis, center melanomacrophages (MMCs) and differentiating cells. The t-test showed that differences only for fibrosis and necrosis lesions (p<0.05). For kidney tissue changes observed were spacing of the capillary endothelium, increased lumen tubular lumen, Bowman's capsule enlargement, necrosis, CMMs, tubular lumen occlusion, and blood vessel dilation. For the gonads, the changes observed were CMMs, necrosis and atretic follicle. The biometrics indicated for the fish that there were no differences significant between sexes (p>0.05). The study indicated that biological responses alterations (branchial, hepatic, renal and gonodal alterations) prove the existence of that these animals are submitted to levels of stress that are inhibiting the biological activities of the fish.