As manifestações patológicas no concreto armado: estudo bibliográfico das principais causas, mecanismos e fatores contribuintes

Abstract

Currently, the concrete is the most widely used material and one of the primary components in construction, thanks to its strength under a wide variety of loads and environmental aggressions. However, it is susceptible to pathological manifestations that can impair and compromise its ability to resist applied forces, potentially leading to partial or even total structural collapse. Among the most frequent pathological manifestations are cracks, which affect not only the aesthetics of the structure but also accelerate degradation processes such as carbonation, water infiltration, and reinforcement corrosion, significantly reducing the designed service life of the element. A large number of Brazilian buildings exhibit such pathological manifestations. These issues can occur at various stages of the construction process, making it essential to study the most recurrent prior causes in order to prevent the same problems from recurring in the future. The present work aims to study the theoretical foundations of pathological manifestations in reinforced concrete structures, covering the design phase, the use of materials, and construction processes, with the goal of preventing failures and adopting correct repair techniques. This is intended to avoid future problems, waste, rework, and consequently extra costs in the budget.