Prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares entre estudantes universitários

Abstract

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) correspond to a group of diseases related to damage to the heart and blood vessels, with a wide variety, degrees of involvement and risk to life. They are one of the main causes of death in Brazil, as well as high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. It is estimated that 17.9 million people died from CVD in 2016, representing 31% of all deaths globally, of which more than three quarters occurred in low- and middle-income countries. The study is justified because it emphasizes the relevance of understanding the risk factors associated with CVD, as it constitutes a fundamental step to assess the real impact of these factors on the occurrence of this type of disease in the young population. Thus, we sought to analyze the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among young university students at a public college in the interior of Maranhão, using as a parameter what is recommended by the Ministry of Health. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with a quantitative approach. The referent research scenario was the city of Balsas-MA, and the research was carried out with students of both sexes, duly enrolled in on-site courses at the Center for Superior Studies of Balsas, totaling 230 participants. Regarding the results of this study, in the information collected through closed questions from forms, it was found that 121 (52.6%) were female, 94 (40.9%) were between 18 and 22 years old. , 88 (38.3%) declare themselves brown, 151 (65.6%) are single, 60 (26.1%) live with a partner and child(ren), with regard to the employment status of students, 121 (52.6%) only study, however, 109 (47.4%) study and work; regarding the prevalence of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, 14 (6.1%) have diabetes mellitus, 33 (14.4%) have a diagnosis of hypertension and undergo treatment for the disease, however, another 22 (9, 6%) of the students had pressure values of stage 1 hypertension, 30 (13.0%) said they had other illnesses, such as: anemia, atopic dermatitis, gastritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypotension, stress, depression and anxiety disorder, as for family history, there were many diseases that when associated with CVD, are considered preponderant risk factors for its development, among them, SAH was the one with the highest frequency, 74 (32.2%) of the students said they had family members who have this disease, in addition, 10 (4.4%) report having the habit of smoking, 137 consume alcoholic beverages; in relation to anthropometric data and practice of physical activities, it was observed that 22 (9.6%) were underweight, 139 (60.4%) were adequate weight, 44 (19.1%) were overweight and 25 (10.9) %) obesity, 58 (25.2%) have waist circumference measurements between 100 and 159 centimeters, 108 (47.0%) reported practicing physical activities weekly, on the other hand 122 (53.0%) reported not performing such activities. Based on the results found, this research showed that many cardiovascular risk factors are present in the sample of university students at CESBA, some with higher prevalence and others with lower rates. Identifying the prevalence of these factors contributes to the academic community and for prevention strategies to be designed, such as actions focused on health promotion, emphasizing the importance of physical activity and the damage caused by sedentary lifestyles, obesity and alcohol and tobacco consumption, as some lifestyle habits that are harmful to cardiovascular health were identified, taking into account the characteristics and daily habits of university students.