Tratamento de hanseníase: aspectos relativos às necessidades psicobiológicas, psicossociais e psicoespirituais conforme Wanda Horta

Abstract

Leprosy is a chronic, infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, gram-positive bacillus that infects peripheral nerves and, more specifically, Schwann cells. The disease mainly affects the superficial nerves of the skin and peripheral nerve trunks and internal organs. One of the characteristics of M. leprae is the tropism for peripheral nerves, affecting the nerves of the eyes, hands and feet. The lack of knowledge and awareness of society is still precarious and the disease expresses negative feelings and stigmas for people who do not know it. The research problem is focused on understanding which factors influence the psychobiological, psychosocial and psychospiritual relationships in patients with leprosy to abandon or accept treatment. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, with a quantitative- qualitative approach and focused on education and educational health. The research was developed in the city of Balsas-MA, a municipality located in the Intermediate Geographical Region of Imperatriz. According to the IBGE, the population of Balsas in the 2021 census was 96,951 people. With a population density of 6.36 inhab/km². The city has 29 Basic Health Units, 24 in the urban area and 5 in the rural area of the municipality. The research had 42 participants who agreed to participate, where they answered through two forms the questions prepared by the researchers in which they answer the objectives of this research. The collection period was from April 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Subsequently, the data were organized using Microsoft Excel 2020 and the speeches transcribed using the method of Bardin (2011). In the research, it was observed that aspects related to the psychobiological, psychosocial and psychospiritual needs of individuals affected with leprosy significantly influence the treatment, whether for its adherence or abandonment. It was found that interpersonal relationships, especially with family, ensure greater support and security in accepting treatment.