Estrutura temporal de uma assembleia de aves na Lagoa da Comunidade, em Santa Inês, Maranhão

Abstract

Wetlands, whether natural or artificial, are extremely important, especially in urban areas, as they promote the maintenance of biological diversity and its fundamental ecosystem services, such as water storage, flood control, as well as habitat for different species. of animals. In this sense, birds stand out due to the wide variety of taxa that depend differently on these environments in the landscape. The main objective of this work was to inventory and evaluate the temporal abundance of birds in the artificial reservoir “Lagoa da Comunidade” and adjacent reservoirs, located in the municipality of Santa Inês, Maranhão. Data were collected monthly, between November 2021 and November 2022, through the methodology of listening points, with unlimited detection radius. Fifty-six species were found, divided into 26 families and 14 orders. The most representative waterfowl families were Ardeidae (n=5) and Aramidae (n=3) and the least representative were Anhimidae, Recurvirostridae, Jacanidae and Phalacrocoracidae with one species each. Three species are migratory: Pandion haliaetus Osprey, Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper and Tringa melanoleuca Great Yellow-legged Sandpiper; one is partially migratory: Rynchops niger Skimmer; and an undefined species regarding its migration pattern: Porphyrio flavirostris Little waterfowl. One species is endemic to Brazil: Furnarius figulus Casaca-de-couro-da-lama. The species is not threatened nationally and internationally. The most abundant species in the rainy season were Ardea alba Great Egret (n=174), Jacana jacana Jaçanã (n=154), Egretta thula Little Egret (n=116), Nannopterum brasilianum Biguá (n=89) and Butorides striata Socozinho (n=56). In the dry season, the most abundant species were Jacana jacana Jaçanã (n=267), Ardea alba Great Egret (n=230), Egretta thula Little Egret (n=100) and Butorides striata Socozinho (n=100) =94). Five species were detected only during the rainy season: Rynchops niger Skimmer, Vanellus cayanus Mexeriqueira, Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper, Porphyrio flavirostris Little waterfowl and Porphyrio martinica Blue waterfowl. In view of the richness found in Lagoa da Comunidade, it is clear that it has the various resources necessary for the birds to remain in that location, whether shelter, food, resting and/or reproduction, thus constituting a wetland of great importance. for species dependent on aquatic areas, especially migratory ones.