Plantas espontâneas em cultivo de maxixe consorciado com quiabeiro e inhame

Abstract

The intercropping of vegetables, due to a more efficient exploitation of environmental resources than monocultures, can be a method of controlling spontaneous plants in agroecological systems. Thus, the research aimed to analyze quantitative and qualitative aspects of plants planted in monoculture of gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) and in double and triple intercropping with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) and yam (Colocasia esculenta (L.)) as alternative for controlling these species in an agroecological system. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and the following treatments: Maxixe monoculture; Double Consortium of Maxixe and Okra; Double Consortium of Maxixe and Yam; Triple Consortium of Maxixe, Okra and Yam. A collection of spontaneous plants was carried out at the beginning of the gherkin harvest in monoculture and in consortium to determine the floristic composition and phytosociological parameters: Relative Frequency (Freq. R), Relative Density (De.R), Relative Dominance (Do.R ). ) and the Importance Value Index (IVI). A total of 14 botanical families and 22 species were identified. The gherkin monoculture presented 59.09% of species, the double consortium of gherkin and okra, 77.27%, the double gherkin and yam consortium, 45.45% and the triple gherkin, okra and yam consortium, 50%. The spontaneous plants with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) were Phyllanthus niruri L. and Alternanthera tenella Colla in all treatments, with values greater than 50% and 70%, respectively. The families with the greatest species richness were Poaceae (four) and Asteraceae (three). Double and triple consortiums of gherkin, okra and yam modify the population dynamics of spontaneous plants. The double intercropping of gherkin with yam and triple intercropping with okra and yam promotes greater suppression of spontaneous plants.