Biogeografia do centro de endemismo Belém: a composição da biodiversidade através da análise espacial e estatística

Abstract

The Belém Endemism Center (CEB), a biogeographical unit located in the eastern Amazon, is a territory characterized by high biodiversity and intense environmental fragmentation. This report presents an integrated analysis of the faunal and floral composition of the CEB based on secondary occurrence data, using statistical and cartographic methods to assess patterns of species richness, abundance, evenness, and similarity among sampling plots. The study encompassed representative groups of the phyla Chordata and Arthropoda, as well as divisions of the kingdom Plantae, totaling thousands of records distributed across various land uses and cover types. The results revealed high biodiversity in the capitals Belém and São Luís, in the reentrants of Pará, and in connected forested areas in the northwest of the territory, in addition to conservation potential in transitional zones between the Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area and the Gurupi Mosaic. The similarity analysis using the Sørensen-Dice index indicated cohesive floristic-faunistic groupings in forested, floodable, and coastal environments, suggesting ecological connectivity. Based on the systemic approach to landscape and core principles of landscape ecology, the results were interpreted as expressions of the territorial functioning of biodiversity, shaped by abiotic factors and anthropogenic pressures. It is concluded that conserving biodiversity in the CEB requires territorial strategies that integrate remnant vegetation, ecological corridors, and public policies aimed at mitigating fragmentation and expanding monitoring efforts in understudied areas