Perfil epidemiológico das anestesias em um serviço de residência em anestesiologia veterinária: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

The anesthetic records of dogs and cats admitted to the Francisco Edilberto Uchôa Lopes Veterinary Hospital of the Maranhão State University and undergoing outpatient anesthetic procedures between October 2019 and July 2020, as well as surgical procedures between February 2020 and February 2021, were evaluated. A retrospective epidemiological study of both patients and anesthetic techniques was performed. The anesthetic records of anesthesia performed in the outpatient clinic (83 felines and 223 dogs) and in the surgical center (192 felines and 201 dogs) were evaluated. The most commonly used anesthetic protocol in the outpatient clinic, for both felines and canines, was the combination of acepromazine, meperidine, and propofol. The most commonly used drugs in outpatient procedures in cats were propofol in 77 (92.77%) animals and acepromazine in 78 (93.99%) animals. The most commonly used drugs in outpatient procedures in dogs were propofol in 203 (91.03%) animals and meperidine in 152 (68.16%) animals. In the surgical center, the most commonly used anesthetic protocols were the combination of dexmedetomidine with ketamine, and some other opioid such as tramadol or morphine, in addition to propofol and isoflurane and lidocaine in 30% of the animals. Of the anesthesias performed in the feline surgical center, 150 (78.13%) were inhalational, 32 (16.67%) total intravenous anesthesia, and 10 (5.21%) dissociative anesthesia. The shortest surgical procedures were orchiectomies and ovariosalpingohysterectomies (OSH), both elective and pathological, while the longest surgical procedures were periodontal treatments, followed by mastectomies. It can be concluded that the anesthesia routine at the Veterinary Hospital has a high caseload, with the adoption of various anesthetic techniques, with a predominance of intravenous anesthesia in the outpatient clinic and inhalation anesthesia in the surgical center.