Perfil epidemiológico de Zika Vírus no estado do Maranhão no período de 2019-2024

Abstract

Zika is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted mainly by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The Zika virus poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy, especially in developing countries where access to basic health services is limited. Considering the impacts of this disease on Brazilian soil, the present study aims to outline the epidemiological profile of Zika cases in the state of Maranhão from 2019 to 2024. This research is classified as an epidemiological, retrospective study, with a quantitative approach. The research was based on secondary data from records made available by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), linked to the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Within this time frame, 5,790 cases of Zika Virus were reported, with emphasis on the years 2022 and 2023, which presented high peaks in notifications. Regarding the distribution of Zika virus cases in the municipalities of the state of Maranhão, it was observed that São Luís, the state capital, recorded the highest number of notifications, with 42.7% of the total cases. There was a predominance of females with 57.3% of cases, as well as mixed race 76.1%. The predominant age group was 20 to 39 years old (28.7%). In terms of education, there was a predominance of 24.3% completing secondary education. As for the diagnostic criteria, laboratory tests were used in 76.9% of cases. In the classification, there was a greater number of discarded cases, 77.8%. During evolution, 80.3% of cases progressed to cure. Among the reported cases, there were some pregnant women, and of the 5,790 (100.0%), 149 (2.6%) were pregnant women, and when analyzing the trimester of pregnancy, 38.9% said they were in the second trimester of pregnancy. Identifying the epidemiological profile of cases helps managers and health professionals in planning and improving care, in addition to facilitating problem solving.