Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de leptospirose no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

In Brazil, Leptospirosis is an anthroponosis, characterized as an acute and severe infectious disease caused by the Leptospira bacteria, with the main transmission factor being contact with infected animals that are considered the main reservoirs, including rodents, contaminated water, contaminated mud, and soil. Considering the impacts of this disease in Brazil, research has shown that the South region is the most affected, therefore, this study focused on the state of Rio Grande do Sul, aiming to characterize the profile of Leptospirosis notifications in Rio Grande do Sul from 2019 to 2023. This research is classified as an ecological, descriptive, and retrospective study, with a quantitative approach. The research was based on data present in the Epidemiological Surveillance Tabulation - CEVS/SES/RS, which feeds the Notification of Diseases Information System (SINAN), linked to the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. (DATASUS). Within this time frame, 4,395 cases of Leptospirosis were reported, with a notable peak in the years 2022 and 2023, which show maximum rates for males (78.28%) in all periods, as well as for the age group of 30 to 39 years (19.58%). The cure rate was 73.46% of the cases, with its highest peak in 2023 (46.29%). The most used confirmation criterion was the clinical-laboratory one, with 73.35%. The most affected race was White (81.70%), where there were also individuals with education corresponding to complete medical training affected in 615 cases. The most affected area was rural (18.24%), followed by urban. (16.01%). The most affected month in all years was September with 577 cases, followed by March with 480 and February with 398. Thus, through the results and discussions with authors, it was found that environmental, social, and economic factors influence the increase in case notifications in the State of Rio Grande do Sul.