A atuação da enfermagem na prevenção de complicações em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia: estratégias de monitoramento e cuidados

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a condition related to pregnancy, usually occurring from the twentieth week of pregnancy. This syndrome can cause high-risk complications to the pregnant woman and the fetus, which requires specific and sometimes emergency care by health teams, including nursing professionals. Given this scenario, the following question is defined as the problem of this study: what are the main nursing strategies and interventions aimed at the care of pregnant women with preeclampsia? This question is justified by the essential nature of nursing care in monitoring and intervening in the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. To this end, we sought to analyze nursing practices and interventions aimed at assisting pregnant women with preeclampsia, focusing on the prevention of maternal and fetal complications, health promotion, and humanized care during prenatal care. In this context, preeclampsia was also characterized, addressing its clinical aspects, risk factors, diagnosis and impact on maternal and fetal health. In addition, the main monitoring strategies used by nurses to detect complications in pregnant women with preeclampsia were identified. The contribution of nurses to the management of preeclampsia in the context of prenatal care was reported, given its main complications. This analysis was based on a qualitative study, based on an integrative literature review. Five articles were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study revealed a still incipient panorama of research in the area of nursing, which deals with care for pregnant women with preeclampsia. However, the indispensable and valuable contribution of these professionals to providing care that welcomes and educates women so that they can go through pregnancy in the best possible way was noted.