Prospecção fitoquímica e quantificação de fenóis e flavonoides totais dos extratos vegetais da raiz da espécie Physalis angulata L.

Abstract

Phytochemical prospecting is essential to identify bioactive compounds in species widely used in folk medicine. Physalis angulata L., belonging to the Solanaceae family, stands out for its traditional therapeutic properties. In this context, this study characterized the phytochemical profile of the root of this species, phytochemical screening, performed according to the methodology of Matos (2009), in different fractions obtained by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified the levels of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in their extracts. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, methods based on gallic acid for phenols, at 765 nm, and quercetin for flavonoids, at 429 nm, were applied, with results obtained in triplicate to ensure analytical accuracy. Phenolic compounds such as catechins and flavonoids were determined, including categories such as flavones, flavonols, xanthones, flavononols, flavonones, as well as alkaloids and coumarins. The dry extract of the root showed a phenolic content of 12,35 ± 0,36 EAG/g and a total flavonoid content of 3,05 ± 0,16 mg EQ/g. Thus, the data suggest that Physalis angulata L. contains promising bioactive compounds for pharmacological applications, especially in combating oxidative stress and related diseases. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Physalis angulata L. and the importance of future studies to isolate and characterize the identified classes, expanding the knowledge about their properties and mechanisms of action.