Diversidade genética de populações de Melipona fasciculata Smith (Hymenoptera, apidae) oriundas dos municípios de Imperatriz e São Bento: análise do DNA mitocondrial

Abstract

The stingless bcc Melipona fasciculata (Smith, 1854). populariy known as tiuba, is a species thal has a distribution in very diverse environmcnts. Th is bcc is of great importancc lo bcckcepcrs, as it produccs a large ainount of honey with cxcellent flavor, cspecially in Maranhão. In this, the objective ofthis work was to study the patterns of genetic diversity of M fasciculata populations in the Maranhão contcxu using lhe mitochondrial gene COI. Six speclmens of M. fasciculata wcre collectcd in the municipalitics of imperatriz and São Bento, threc from each municipality. The genomic DNA was cxtractcd using the genomic protocol bascd on Phenol-Chloromiuin, vvhich soon after wcnt through the processes of quantification, gene amplification performed via PCR, visuaiization in 1% agarose gel and subsequent scquencing. Data vvere analyzcd using MEGA X, ARLEQUfN 3.5.2.2. DNASp 6 and NETWORK v, 4.4. Molecular samples identify 5 samples, and no haplotype shared between samples, evidencing the samples of samples. The municipality of São Bento has a greater genetic variabilily in relation to Imperatriz. The difference between the differcnt differentiation processes studied was verified, since the values of genetic variation wcre higher in the municipalitics of the haplotypes. In view of the muiational steps observed in the scquences, there wcre changes in the protein scquence designed for all haplotypes. According lo the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) there is a high genetic strueture in the populations of tiúba. Fu's Fs ncutrality test indicated lhat populations may be increasing population expansion, There was no genetic flow between the local populations, vvhich may bc rclated to the location between the locations, indicating the existence of adapled local flows.