Transgressão social no contexto da Belle Époque: uma análise da obra Turbilhão, de Coelho Neto, a partir do método realista

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes the realism in Turbilhão, by Coelho Neto, a work originally published in 1906, in the context of the Belle Époque, which counts from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the narrative plot, the social transgression of the anti-heroine and the hero of the novel leads us to a reality of low economic conditions and few possibilities of social ascension, safeguarded some exceptions, that is, only by actions and means considered shady or immoral was that the individual could change his life and ascend, economically and socially, class, like Violante, who enriches at the expense of high-end prostitution, accumulating capital, to get out of the condition of misery and escape from marriage, domination, violence and censorship suffered within the affective and maternal home, that is, the character breaks with the law of sociomoral codes of society in order to conquer his freedom. Turbilhão, by emphasizing the breakdown of the family structure, led by Dona Júlia, Violante and Paulo, points out, if not the end, at least the dilution of the Brazilian patriarchal system, which was already corrupted by the inversion of values of the nascent urban bourgeois class of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, we had to take into account the historical-social and politicalcultural context of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil at the time, in which the social structure underwent noticeable and profound changes. Despite presenting patriarchal stratification, society already lived with the sociomoral values and the new modus vivendi of bourgeois civilization. The research is bibliographic and qualitative critical-analytical, is based, in part, on the theoretical and critical-literary studies of the Hungarian sociologist and philosopher György Lukács (2010; 1968); and in the critical-literary and historical-sociological studies of Brazilian authors, among them: Celso Frederico (2000; 2013; 2015); Afrânio Coutinho (1997); Alfredo Bosi (2013); Proença Filho (2012); Lígia Cadermatori (2013); Gilberto Freyre (1995); Brito Broca (1956; 1958; 1991); Herman Lima (1958); and others. Articles, dissertations and theses are also added. The greatest contribution of this research to literary studies may be to reaffirm that Coelho Neto was not oblivious to reality, to the urban, social and moral problems of the Social Reality of Rio and Brazil in the context of Belle Époque. And thus, both the writer and his work are important for the History of Literature and Culture of Brazil. This denies most of the considerations of the criticism that says it is uncritical to social and anachronistic problems to its time-space, when they want to circumscribe his work, strictly, in realism/naturalism, and the writer was also contemporary of the Belle Époque and, thus, was continuing the characteristics of urban and city novels that sought to represent urban problems, social and moral aspects of the social reality of Rio de Janeiro, arising with the modernization process