Análises bromatológica e fitoquímica de Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel, 1991 (Apocynacea) e avaliação da ação toxicológica em camundongos

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of plant Himatanthus drasticus (Janaúba) by plant breedus of small ruminants motivated this bromatological and phitochemical study of the vegetal and its toxicological action. Shells, seeds and leaves of Janaúba were collected in the east midde region of Maranhão (Brazil) and handed to the laboratories for their botanical, bromatological and phitochemical identification, also hispatological analysis of nutaphase in bone marrow cells of mice and hispatological analysis of the vital organs. It was used the phitocheminal approach of the methology of the preliminar prospection and CDD, with tests for the several classes of secondary metabolites. From the brute extract hydroalcoholic (EBHA) of H. drasticus in several concentrations (100; 75; 50; 25; 10%) and also from 231,87g to the realization of metaphase in cells of the marrow bone of mice and hispatological analysis of vital organs collected during the necropsy after 24h of administration of the extract. The vegetal is disposited in exsicata and the registration nº 01032 in the Seabra Ático Hervarium (UFMA). The results from the bromatology were: dry material – (MS) (92,01%), mineral material – (MM) 3,75%), brute protein - PB (4,02%), ethereal extract - EE (3,08%) and fiber in neutral detergent - FDN (51,35%). The phitochemical tests were considered positive by reactions of precipitations, coloration, forming of foaming and colored spots in the cromatographical plate. The EBHA – Janaúba presented a slight action in cells of the type marrow GAP, CP, QcmT, MD, FAP, FAS in the concentration of 100 and 75%. It wasn’t observed any change histological of tissue cells of organs of choice, being considered thus harmless to the use of the EBHA-Janaúba in the obtained results it is concluded that the plant presents low fat and shonldn’t be used like fodder, but the presence of fibrous carbohydrate in the plant may be used like bulk element in the animal food. The classe of secondary metyabolites which presented a major expressive use are the alkaloids and tannins when analysed by prospection and flavonoids and terpenes when analysed by CCD. There fore the H. drasticus presents indicative elements of pharmacoligal action and doesn’t express toxicity.