Arquitetura e urbanismo moderno em conjuntos residenciais: estudo do Cohab-Anil em São Luís - MA

Abstract

The Cohab-Anil I, II, III and IV residential complexes were built in the city of São Luís between 1967 and 1975, carried out by the Companhia de Habitação Popular do Maranhão (COHAB-MA) and financed by Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH). Located on Avenida Jerônimo de Albuquerque, the 3.549 popular housing units delivered to the worker population. For this, the projects followed modernist ideals, focused on the cheapness of the work, rationalization and standardization, besides the use of prefabricated materials and the minimum dimensions of the rooms. Allied to the dwellings, the complex also provided a set of urban equipment to foster the coexistence and leisure of the residents. More than being an example of the modern movement, the Cohab-Anil I, II, III and IV open discussions on social housing and the production of housing by the State in São Luís. In addition, the ensembles in question guide the expansion of the city from an axis of growth. Faced with the need to document modern production in the city, curiosity about the growth axes of the city and state production of housing in São Luís and the importance of contextualizing these sets in contemporary times, it is necessary to analyze and characterize the Cohab -Anil I, II, III and IV. This research has as main objective to understand the architecture and the modern urbanism, contextualizing this language in this historical cut, in order to characterize the residential groups Cohab-Anil I, II, III and IV in São Luís do Maranhão. For this, bibliographical researches and documentary researches were done, the present work also used as methodology the accomplishment of technical visits, interviews and photographic surveys.