Práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde: perspectiva de enfermeiros da atenção primária acerca da implementação, uso e estímulo como alternativa terapêutica

Abstract

Integrative and complementary health practices (PICS) are defined as knowledge/techniques and solutions for the care of the health-disease process that do not belong to conventional medicine. However, their potential and effectiveness can be observed in terms of promoting the health of those who use and practice them. Given the need to integrate contemporary Western medicine with unconventional health practices, in 2006 the Ministry of Health approved the PNPIC, which promotes diversified therapeutic proposals in the SUS. Through the PNIPIC, it is recommended that the insertion of PICS take place primarily in AB, but institutionalization in PHC has grown in a negligible way. The relevance of the study is justified by the potential that the PICS have to promote comprehensive care to the human being, articulated with the guidelines of the SUS, in addition to the fact that it provides nurses with greater autonomy in the care provided. Thus, we sought to analyze the perception of nurses who work in primary care, about the integrative and complementary practices in the context of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the municipality of Balsas - MA. This is a descriptive/exploratory study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The investigation scenario was the city of Balsas - MA, and the study was carried out with nurses working in the AB of the city, totaling 17 participants. It was evidenced that 13 (76.5%) professionals belong to the female sex, 09 (52.9%), are aged between 30 and 40 years old, 10 (58.8%) have 11 years or more of training, 10 (58.8%) are graduates of state educational institutions, 17 (100%) have a specialist title, 10 (58.8%) work in primary care for one to five years, and in relation to knowledge about 15 (88.2%) claim to know about PICS, 10 (58.8%) say they are aware of the PNPIC, and 9 (52.9%) claim to have seen about PICS at graduation. The PICS best known by the participants were phytotherapy (14 – 82.4%), TCM – Acupuncture (13 – 76.5%), Music Therapy (11 – 64.7%), Meditation (10 – 58.8 %) and the practice of Yoga (9 – 52.9%); on the practices considered most effective, the most mentioned were Phytotherapy (8 - 47.1%), Music Therapy (7 - 41.2%), Yoga and Chromotherapy (6 - 35.3%), and only 3 (17.6%) said they considered all practices effective. As for the implementation, use and stimulation of PICS, 15 (88.2%) claim that there is no practice implemented in PHC, 15 (88.2%) say they have already indicated that the patient seek treatment with PICS, 10 (58.8%) %) says they have already used some practice in their own treatment, 17 (100%) of the participants showed interest in learning about PICS and are in favor of its implementation in PHC. Through the analysis of the questionnaires, the present study showed that professionals have relatively low knowledge about the theme of PICS, but, despite this, they are interested in learning them and incorporating them into their care practice. Based on the results found, it was possible to verify that there are still many difficulties for the implementation of PICS in the municipality, among them the lack of qualification of professionals and the municipal management, responsible for the operationalization of the PNPIC. The low number of participants is pointed out as a gap in this study, since it was only the nurses working in the PHC in the urban area of the municipality of Balsas - MA.