Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de dengue no Brasil

Abstract

In Brazil, dengue is an arbovirus of epidemiological importance in public health. The virus is a representative of the Flaviviridae family and belongs to the Flavivírus genus, most of which are transmitted by mosquitoes (especially Aedes aegypti). Considering the impact of this disease on Brazilian soil, this study aims to characterize the profile of dengue notifications in Brazil from 2014 to 2023. This research is an ecological, descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach. The research was based on secondary data from records made available by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), linked to the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Within this time frame, 8,436,261 cases of dengue were reported, with 2015, 2019 and 2023 standing out as having peaks of more than 1.2 million notifications. There was a predominance of females with 54.9% of cases, as well as the 20-39 age group (37.19%). The highest number of hospitalizations occurred in 2019 (50,931). Over 90% of cases were cured in all years. The southeast region accumulated the highest number of cases of the disease (4,447,752). The largest number of notifications was concentrated between January and July. The four serotypes were identified throughout the country, with DENV-1 and DENV-2 predominating. The state of Goiás had the highest incidence per 100,000 inhabitants (12,142.5). Individuals with completed high school were the most affected by the disease (14.15%). Of the 65,939 cases of the disease in pregnant women, most occurred in the second trimester (32.47%). Thus, the environmental factors associated with the proliferation of the vector, together with the complex circulation dynamics of the four serotypes, are among the possible causes of the variation in the incidence of the disease in the country.