"No mesmo barco": a reserva extrativista Baía do Tubarão na percepção de seus comunitários

Abstract

The Extractive Reserve - RESEX Baía do Tubarão is a Conservation Unit – CU of sustainable use located in the cities of Icatu and Humberto de Campos/MA. It was established through Federal Decree number 9.340, April 5th, 2018 and it constitutes the east boundary of the major salt marshes from Brazil, being compound by a complex of bays, rivers and estuaries. This research aimed to comprehend the perception of the RESEX communitarians, regarding it, highlighting its approaches, interpretations, concepts and importance, within the social, cultural and environmental scope. To this end, we used the bibliographic research, semi structured interview and direct observation. Besides that, we raised a collection of information which express the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the cities that compose the RESEX, in order to generate a certain knowledge degree about them, beyond the CU demarcated limits, so as to understand better the context of the local reality, once it is strictly connected to the communitarians lifestyle. The research accomplished shows us that Baía do Tubarão RESEX holds complex and varied situations. There are challenges and pressures which threatens the natural resources and the communitarians life habits. There is institutional fragility and both social inclusion and sustainability are important challenges. In the RESEX, it is still necessary a revenue generation promotion, access to basic services, education and health, besides the encouragement to cultural practices existent and sustainable management of the natural resources