Qualidade dos frutos e reação à fusariose de seleções clonais de abacaxi "turiaçu"

Abstract

The fruit of the pineapple Ananas comosus var. comosus (L) Merril) is very appreciated and consumed in its “in natura” form, in addition it is a culture with high economic and social potential, due to the remuneration of the family labor. One of the goals of pineapple breeding programs is to select resistant / tolerant genotypes to fusariosis caused by the fungus Fusarium guttiforme Nirenberg; O'Donnell, and get superior quality fruit. The 'Turiaçu' pineapple, adapted and grown in the municipality of Maranhão of the same name, in which it presents physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit with potential for “in natura” consumption, appears in this scenario as an alternative to promote resistant or tolerant selections for the producer, as well as insertion in breeding programs. Based on this approach, the objective was to characterize the plants, analyze the morpho-biometric and chemical quality of fruits from clonal selections of ‘Turiaçu’ pineapple, and evaluate the reaction to F. guttiforme, in order to obtain resistant or tolerant materials for use direct access to producers and valuable access to breeding programs. In a selection / cultivar competition experiment, under field conditions, aiming to characterize the plants and evaluate the quality of the fruits, the clonal selections 'Cilíndrico', 'Livino', 'Nanico' and 'Traditional Turiaçu' were used for which determined the characteristics of plant height, number of young seedlings and natural flowering rate (at 12 months) and the fruits were morphometrically evaluated for mass, dimensions and components and chemical characteristics (total soluble solids) and total titratable acidity). To evaluate the reaction to fusariosis, the selections from the previous experiment were added, together with the selections 'Pérola', 'Turiouro', 'Pérola da Serra' and 'Turipaz', carried out under laboratory conditions, using the inoculation method with a toothpick contaminated with structures of the pathogen and in a greenhouse by immersing the seedlings in conidia suspension. The results for the quality of the fruits allow us to infer that the clonal selections of 'Turiaçu' pineapple have biometric and chemical characteristics with potential acceptance in the consumer market, with the exception of the 'Nanico' selection for presenting reduced fruit size and weight. As for the reaction to fusariosis, the selection 'Turipaz' showed greater tolerance to F. guttiforme in both experiments, which is recommended for pineapple producers, as well as for breeding programs.