Cobertura vacinal: análise do esquema básico das crianças de zero a quatro anos no município de Santa Inês-MA

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the importance that immunization holds for humanity with its contribution to disease prevention and improvement in people's quality of life, the aim was to understand the vaccination coverage of the childhood immunization schedule in a city in the interior of Maranhão. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study is to conduct a survey of quantitative data to analyze the vaccination coverage rates of the basic vaccination schedule for children aged zero to four years in the municipalityof Santa Inês - MA from 2017 to 2021. To achieve this purpose, it will be necessary to verify which vaccines have reached the targets set by the Ministry of Health. Additionally, to identify the highest and lowest vaccination coverage performance during the period from 2017 to 2021, subsequently compare vaccination coverage before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the pandemic period, and finally, elucidate the vaccination status of the municipality. Methodology: To this end, descriptive research of basic nature with a quantitative methodological approach was conducted, in which the report on childhood vaccination coverage, available in the SI-PNI, was utilized. Results: Through the vaccination coverage of the municipality, it can be observed that in the first year of thecohort, 2017, 89% of the vaccines did not reach the targets set by the Ministry of Health. The year 2018 showed an increase in vaccination coverage for all vaccines compared to 2017. Consequently, the number of vaccines with adequate coverage increased to 5, namely: BCG (118.82%), Hepatitis B (127.30%), Rotavirus (93.88%), Pneumococcal C (103.95%), and the first dose of MMR (96.51%). The year 2019 revealed a decline in all vaccination coverages, including those that previously exceeded 100%. In 2020 and 2021, an even greater decline in vaccination coverage values was observed. In the first year of the COVID- 19 pandemic, only the BCG vaccine (91.31%) managed to reach the target recommended by the Ministry of Health. Conclusion: It is evident that childhood vaccination coverage has decreased over theyears in the city of Santa Inês, indicating that all vaccines administered in the routine strategy of primary care have low public adherence. Therefore, given the results foundand the importance of the topic for health, measures are necessary to reverse this situation