Obesidade infantil e atuação do enfermeiro na educação alimentar em idade escolar

Abstract

Obesity is a condition caused by the accumulation of fat in the body, in quantities that cause harm to health. Its main causes are associated with genetics, hormones, unhealthy diet or a sedentary lifestyle. Its consequences are: physical damage (respiratory, cardiac, orthopedic diseases, joint pain, liver dysfunction, high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, metabolic complications, acne, diaper rash, dermatitis, migraine), psychological damage (depression, social isolation, loneliness, bullying, low self-esteem and eating disorders, such as bulimia or anorexia) and increased health risks and morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of the research is to review the literature regarding childhood obesity and nurses' role in nutritional education at school age. The work is a literary research carried out, searching for current articles with a relevant theme, with the data obtained after the selection of eleven scientific articles, using as inclusion criteria: recent research, from 2019, with a theme on childhood obesity, causes and consequences of obesity in childhood and the importance of nurses' work, available in databases of great relevance in the scientific world: BIREME (Virtual Health Library) and SCIELO (Scientifc Electronic Library Online) and Google Scholar, excluding those that do not address topics of relevance to the work. As the causes are diverse, it is clear that the study objectives of the articles are quite diverse. These talk about the importance of the work of nursing professionals, nutrition and psychology, family and social relationships, breastfeeding, public policies and obesity rates in Brazil. The results obtained from the research were: in the survey of the main research objectives, the most discussed were the role of the family, the role of the health professional and the school environment. The articles that talk about the work of health professionals highlight the monitoring of anthropometric data and encouragement of healthy eating practices, guiding breastfeeding, accompanied by public policies, in order to avoid overweight in children and adolescents