Panorama da Hanseníase no município de Santa Inês-MA: uma análise epidemiológica

Abstract

Leprosy, as a disease with great potential for developing disabilities, is considered a disease of great relevance to public health. The present study aims to analyze the panorama of leprosy in the municipality of Santa Inês, Maranhão, from 2018 to 2022. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, supported by secondary data available in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), available in the database of the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The sample consisted of 235 recorded cases of leprosy during the studied period. The distribution of consolidated cases occurred from 2018 to 2022 in the municipality of Santa Inês, Maranhão. The year 2018 had the highest occurrence of the number of cases, with 71 (30.2%) and in 2021 there was its lowest occurrence, with 32 (13.6%) cases per year in the municipality under study. The majority of notifications were found in the urban area of Santa Inês, the Djalma Marques Health Center had the highest incidence with 57 (24.3%) reported cases. The occurrence of leprosy was higher in males in all years of the survey. The most affected patients were those aged between 40 and 49 years old, with 43 (17.77%) reported cases. Brown skin color was the most affected, accounting for 71.7% of reported cases. There was a greater record of multibacillary (MB) cases, with the highest incidence in 2018, with 68 (94.4%) cases. The dimorphic form of leprosy was the most common in the MB classification, requiring measures to facilitate early diagnosis to prevent the disease from spreading to more advanced cases and not generating greater impairment in terms of the degree of disability.