Comportamento de pastejo e eficiência polinizadora das mamangavas (Xylocopa spp.) na frutificação e qualidade final dos frutos de maracujazeiro em Paço do Lumiar (MA)

Abstract

The Brazil leads the world production and marketing of passion, however, the average productivity in commercial plantations is still well below the estimated potential productivity, and the deficiency of pollination identified as the main cause of low production. Noting the importance of ecological service employee by pollinators and seeking to understand the relationship of culture with this agent, this study aimed to evaluate the behavior of grazing of Xylocopa spp. no Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. e Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis and determine the efficiency polinizadora these bees in fruit quality and fruit at the end of the harvest.During the period september to december 2006 in the Paço do Lumiar - MA, experiments were performed divided into two stages: the first, for the tracking of pollination and the second at the end of the harvest, for evaluation of the fruit. In an area of 5.000 m2 of commercial planting, were chosen randomly, 15 plants of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. and 15 plants of Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, distributed in three different points of the crop. The statistical delineamen was casualizado entirely, using the treatments of Pollination Free, Controlled and Artificial for Yellow passion fruit and Pollination Free, Controlled and Artificial for Purple passion fruit, with five replicates. The results treated by Tukey Test at the level of 5% revealed that the Pollination that controlled (with two visits of Xylocopa spp./flower) and Pollination Artificial were more effective that the pollination open to the public, increasing the percentage of fruit and fruit born perfect for marketing "in nature" with higher averages on weight, the mass of pulp, juice in income and number of seeds. In tracking the grazing of mamangavas, it was observed that the flowers of yellow passion fruit-received a greater number of visits from 13:00 pm, while in the purple passion fruit-that grazing was delayed in an hour, and the frequency of visits the flowers of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. demonstrated is closely related to the offer flowers/plant in the orchard.