Correção ortodôntica em cães para prevenção de doenças ocasionadas pela má oclusão dentária: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Bite defects are common in clinical practice in small animals, especially in dogs. To diagnose defects in occlusion and formulate an optimal treatment plan for each case, it is critical that the veterinarian recognize the correct positioning of the teeth in the domestic species. (JOHNSTON, 2001). Dental occlusion is the term used to define the relationship between the teeth of the upper and the lower dental arch, and the structures constituting the mouth (WIGGS & LOBPRISE, 1997). Orthodontics is an area of dentistry that deals with the development and correction of poor dental positioning and malocclusions. In mesocephalic and dolicocephalic races, they usually have dentitions that aim at self-cleaning by pushing food away from the gums. When the teeth are not aligned, the food may be retained and causes discomfort, pain, trauma and periodontal diseases. Teeth that are rotated, in different angulation, can cause severe periodontal diseases, penetration into adjacent tissues, extrusion of the dental pulp. In brachiocephalic races, posterior and anterior crossbites are considered normal, but in some cases require treatment, and this need to be evaluated by the veterinary dental practitioner (SILVA, 2016). It is evident that the cooperation of the tutor is fundamental to the success of the treatment, since it is based on additional care with food, daily hygiene, and with the execution of measures so that the animal does not damage the device. Therefore, the tutor should be aware and well informed of the importance of his role in order to be successful. Despite complications during treatment, the results are satisfactory (SILVA, 2016).