https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2329 Mon, 21 Sep 2026 23:40:10 GMT 2026-09-21T23:40:10Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6568 Título: Avaliação da biodegradabilidade de bioplásticos à base de pectina e amido do mesocarpo do coco babaçu Abstact: The increased production and inadequate disposal of conventional plastics have intensified the search for biodegradable materials obtained from renewable sources. This study evaluated the biodegradability of biofilms produced with pectin and starch extracted from the mesocarp of babassu coconut, analyzing the influence of formulation composition on thickness, initial mass, final mass, and mass loss in soil. The formulations were prepared with starch, pectin, glycerol, and calcium chloride, according to a Central Composite Rotatable Design, totaling 11 experimental trials. The biofilms were produced by plate molding, dried in an oven at 40 °C for 18 to 20 hours, and stored in an environment with controlled relative humidity. Biodegradability was evaluated by the soil burial method for 10 days, in triplicate, with daily monitoring of mass loss. The films showed good visual formation, continuous structure, flexibility, absence of cracks, and coloration ranging from translucent white to yellowish beige. All trials showed mass reduction, with biodegradability ranging from 47.5% to 68.1%. Trial 1, composed of 1.16 g of starch and 1.16 g of pectin, showed the highest biodegradation, indicating that thinner films with lower mass tend to degrade more rapidly. Trial 6, with 8 g of starch and 4 g of pectin, showed the lowest biodegradability, suggesting greater resistance of the matrix due to its high starch content. It is concluded that thickness and the proportion between starch and pectin directly influenced the degradation behavior of the biofilms in soil Wed, 08 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6568 2026-07-08T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5954 Título: Avaliação de impacto ambiental da urbanização nos campos alagados em São Bento (MA) utilizando a Matriz de Leopold Abstact: The floodplain fields of the Baixada Maranhense are ecosystems of high ecological relevance; however, they have been undergoing changes due to unplanned urban expansion. In the municipality of São Bento, Maranhão, particularly along the MA-310 highway, the occupation of ecologically sensitive areas has caused significant environmental impacts. In this context, this study aimed to assess the environmental impacts resulting from urbanization in the floodplain fields of São Bento (MA) through the application of the Leopold Matrix. The methodology was based on a literature review, field surveys, photographic records, and a systematic analysis of interactions between anthropogenic activities and environmental components. The results indicated a predominance of negative impacts of low to medium magnitude, especially related to improvised landfilling, removal of native vegetation, soil impermeabilization, improper solid waste disposal, discharge of domestic effluents, and open-air burning. These impacts compromised natural hydrological dynamics, biodiversity, environmental quality, and public health, in addition to promoting progressive landscape degradation. It is concluded that the Leopold Matrix proved to be an effective instrument for identifying and ranking environmental impacts, contributing as support for environmental planning and the proposal of mitigation measures aimed at conserving floodplain fields and promoting more sustainable urban development in the studied municipality Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5954 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5912 Título: Influência da agricultura familiar nas dinâmicas de uso e cobertura da Terra na área do Rio Santa Bárbara Povoado Olho d'Agua dos Moraes - São Bento MA Abstact: The transformations in land use and land cover in the Maranhão Amazon, especially in the Pericumã River Hydrographic Sub-basin, have caused intense environmental degradation characterized by the reduction of native vegetation, erosive processes, silting, and loss of ecological connectivity. These impacts stem primarily from the expansion of family farming without sustainable management practices in a region marked by high ecological vulnerability and increasing anthropic pressure. Between 1994 and 2024, this study integrated Remote Sensing techniques, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and multitemporal analysis to delimit the sub-basin, map land use classes, and validate the results through fieldwork at the Santa Bárbara stream. The data reveal a significant conversion of natural areas into pastures, temporary crops, and open surfaces, intensifying degradation processes and weakening water environments. Although family farming is fundamental for local subsistence and socioeconomic dynamics, its practice without conservation techniques increases environmental vulnerability. Conversely, the study demonstrates that sustainable soil management, the adoption of agroecological practices, and conservation strategies can recover degraded areas and strengthen landscape resilience. The results offer relevant insights for territorial planning and the formulation of public policies aimed at reconciling agricultural production, water resource protection, and ecosystem conservation in the Pericumã River Hydrographic Subbasin. Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5912 2026-01-07T00:00:00Z