https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2244 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 21:04:58 GMT 2026-08-18T21:04:58Z http://repositorio.uema.br:80/jspui/retrieve/4e972f60-be2c-498e-a155-9e434088f229/PPGEO.png https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2244 https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6413 Título: Subdesenvolvimento como forma de reprodução do capital: a materialidade da dependência no Maranhão Abstact: This dissertation analyzes the underdevelopment of the state of Maranhão from a historicalstructural perspective, grounded in historical-dialectical materialism and the Marxist Theory of Dependency (MTD). The main objective is to demonstrate that the persistent socioeconomic inequalities in the state do not constitute conjunctural anomalies, but rather express the specific form of Maranhão’s insertion into the prevailing pattern of capital reproduction in contemporary Brazil, characterized by the Export-Oriented Pattern of Productive Specialization (EOPPS). The first chapter establishes the methodological foundations of the research, discussing Marx’s method and the centrality of the ontology of social being, praxis, and the category of concrete totality. It highlights the analytical movement from apparent concreteness to thought concreteness, guided by the categories of contradiction and mediation. The second chapter develops the theoretical framework of the Marxist Theory of Dependency, addressing concepts such as value transfer, superexploitation of labor, and patterns of capital reproduction, emphasizing the consolidation of the EOPPS in the contemporary Brazilian economy. The third chapter reconstructs the socio-spatial formation of Maranhão, highlighting its historical insertion into the international division of labor, from the colonial period to the recent phase of conservative modernization, marked by the formation of productive enclaves and the intensification of dependency. The fourth chapter analyzes the materiality of the EOPPS in the state through three structuring axes, namely the mineral-logistics axis, the agribusiness expansion in the MATOPIBA region, and enclave industries, as well as the concrete mediations of the State, logistics, and financial capital. In this context, the social consequences of this pattern are examined, particularly the reproduction of poverty, socio-spatial inequality, agrarian conflicts, and contemporary forms of slave labor. The study concludes that Maranhão’s underdevelopment does not represent a residual or transitional condition, but rather a functional element of dependent capitalism, revealing the structural coexistence between wealth production and the reproduction of poverty Sat, 30 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6413 2026-05-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6411 Título: Análise dos parâmetros morfométricos na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pindaré - MA Abstact: Rivers play an essential role in maintaining life and the balance of geosystems. Within the field of fluvial geomorphology, morphometric analysis is responsible for determining and evaluating the components of drainage networks in river basins. This specialty is based on the analytical method, which considers and characterizes the set of slopes and channels belonging to the relief. From this perspective, the measurements of these variables form the basis for the composition of morphometric parameters. The objective of this research is to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the Pindaré River basin, located in the central-western portion of the state of Maranhão. To achieve this, the methodological path followed consisted of: survey and analysis of bibliographic material; preparation of a cartographic base in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, ArcGIS®, version 10.2.2 by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), and fieldwork. Thus, the parameters adopted were based on the classic literature of Horton (1945), Strahler (1952), Miller (1953), Schumm (1956), Christofoletti (1980), Alves and Castro (2003), such as: area, perimeter, drainage network, number of channels, total length of channels, maximum basin altitude, basin altimetric amplitude, main channel length, axial distance of the main channel, slope, drainage density, hydrographic density, maintenance coefficient, and shape index. In view of this, the results indicate that the main springs of the Pindaré River are located in the cities of Montes Altos and Amarante do Maranhão, in the Krikati indigenous land. At an altitude of 371 m, its drainage presents a dendritic pattern of 6th order hierarchy, according to Strahler’s classification (1952), with a regular drainage density of 0.53 km/km² and a hydrographic density of 0.114 km/km². Additionally, the Pindaré River basin demonstrated a strong influence of structural control, where rivers flow through structural elements and geological faults. Despite this, its main channel proved to be predominantly straight, with a sinuosity index of 1.57 and the presence of well-defined meanders restricted to the lower course. It was found that the main river runs about 466.3 km to its mouth, with a total drainage area of 40,280 km². Furthermore, the circularity index of 0.39 and the form factor of 0.21 reinforce the low susceptibility to flooding under normal rainfall conditions. The study area is predominantly characterized by the geological unit of the Itapecuru Group. Regarding the highlighted geomorphological class, they are the Dissected Plateaus, and in relation to pedological characteristics, the Dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol predominates. This work aims to encourage the implementation of future measures to preserve and maintain riparian forests and surface water resources Thu, 11 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6411 2024-04-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6337 Título: Impactos ambientais da indústria de cerâmica vermelha em Itapecuru- Mirim/MA Abstact: Minerals play an essential role in humanity, and the mining industry is recognized as a driver of economic development because minerals are indispensable natural resources that provide raw materials for various industries. Clay, since ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Middle East to Roman and Islamic cultures, is the primary mineral in the production of red ceramics. Ceramic products made from clay, such as bricks and tiles, are widely used today due to their quality and durability. Clay extraction, often carried out with backhoes, alters the landscape where it occurs, causing various environmental impacts. In Brazil, the red ceramic industry is traditional and produces approximately 63.6 billion pieces annually, with a consumption of around 140 megatons of clay. In the municipality of Itapecuru-Mirim/MA, 21 companies stand out in mining and red ceramic production, with millions of monthly pieces, being one of the largest producers in the state. The research aims to analyze the red ceramic industry in the municipality, aiming for a balance between the development of economic activity and the maintenance of natural resources, and to propose measures to mitigate related impacts, based on the relationship established from the Geosystem and the mapping carried out, as well as field activities. It was found that the impacts include deforestation without reforestation, degradation of springs, degradation of drainage by artificial lakes, degradation of water bodies and permanent preservation areas, potential for the development of respiratory diseases, corruption, and lack of oversight. There is also a history of the appropriation of public lands, underreporting of the quantity produced to pay fewer compensation taxes, continuous deforestation in other areas not previously delimited, the disuse of filters in chimneys, and the illegal use of electricity. A scenario of degradation was observed that significantly interferes with the dynamics of the natural environment of the locality in question, requiring the strengthening of public oversight bodies and environmental management in companies Fri, 23 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6337 2024-02-23T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6323 Título: Produção do espaço e infraestrutura urbana em São Luís – MA: uma perspectiva de análise do Renascença II “o bairro mais desejado da cidade” Abstact: Esta disertación tiene por objetivo analizar la producción del espacio del barrio Jardim Renascença II, uno de los barrios más valorizados de São Luís-MA, a partir de su infraestructura urbana con la intención de identificar como este se inserta a la lógica del emprendimiento urbano que favorece los intereses del sector inmobiliario. En esta perspectiva, iniciamos por una análisis que buscó identificar mediante la planificación urbana los procesos que configuraron la ciudad a partir de la intensificación del proceso de urbanización, acontecido a partir de la segunda mitad do siglo XX, con el objetivo de identificar los agentes y las acciones que repercutieron en el área que hoy corresponde al barrio Renascença II; fue realizada una caracterización de la infraestructura urbana del barrio considerando su morfología y sus sistemas técnicos a partir de un recorte metodológico que se dividió en tres ejes: el sistema viario, la oferta de servicios y equipamientos colectivos urbanos y saneamiento básico; por fin, se buscó comprender como la concepción ideológica del emprendimiento urbano se reifica en el Renascença II a partir de la infraestructura urbana de que dispone y la forma como esta favorece la actuación del capital inmobiliario. La investigación fue desarrollada considerando los siguientes procedimientos técnicos: investigación bibliográfica, investigación documental, levantamiento de datos y trabajo de campo, ancorados bajo la perspectiva del materialismo histórico-dialéctico. Así, del punto de vista del enfoque del problema de la investigación esta puede ser considerada mixta, ya que contó con un enfoque cualitativo hecho bajo el empuje de las relaciones, procesos i fenómenos que no pueden ser calculados a partir apenas de variables cuantificables, pero, también se utilizó del abordaje cuantitativo, mediante datos que aportaron informaciones de la medición de les fenómenos analizados. Con el desarrollo de la investigación fue posible identificar a los agentes que produjeron el espacio urbano de São Luís en el período observado de entre los cuales se puede destacar el Estado, en sus tres esferas, y los promotores inmobiliarios. Se identificó que estos agentes actuaron a partir de cuatro vectores que contribuyeron para la producción del espacio en la ciudad: la ampliación del sistema viario, los programas de habitación, la modernización del campo y la reestructuración productiva. El análisis hecho bajo la perspectiva del planeamiento de la ciudad permitió constatar que el Renascença II siempre fue reconocido como un barrio con tendencia a la valorización como consecuencia de su localización y “calidad urbanística”, es decir, por estar próximo al litoral de la ciudad y poseer buenas condiciones de infraestructura. Quedó evidente que esta perspectiva de reconocimiento del Renascença refleja la lógica del emprendimiento urbano, del planeamiento estratégico, al cual el barrio fue sometido a lo largo del tiempo y que lo posicionó en ventaja ubicacional como resultado de su infraestructura urbana. La análisis descriptiva de la infraestructura y de algunos de los emprendimientos inmobiliarios permitió aclarar como la localización y las infraestructuras físicas y sociales del Renascença II favorecen la atracción de las inversiones de las empresas del capital inmobiliario en el ramo de la construcción civil y como estas actividades económicas demandan más inversiones en infraestructura urbana que, por al mismo tiempo, valoriza todavía más al barrio y atrae nuevos emprendimientos inmobiliarios (residenciales y comerciales). En definitiva, todo este movimiento en torno de las actividades que se desarrollan en el barrio promueve un ciclo de (re)producción del espacio del Renascença II. Wed, 31 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6323 2024-01-31T00:00:00Z