https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2171 Thu, 09 Jul 2026 04:19:26 GMT 2026-07-09T04:19:26Z http://repositorio.uema.br:80/jspui/retrieve/f3408757-31e8-45d0-b3ff-53dd97716ec5/POS-ECOLOGIA UEMA.png https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2171 https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6281 Título: Uso do hábitat e padrão de estruturação das assembléias de aves Charadriiformes (Charadriidae, Scolopacidae e Laridae) na Ilha de São Luís, zona costeira maranhense Abstact: The coastal ecosystem of São Luís Island harbors a diverse array of habitats utilized by Charadriiform birds during parts of their life cycle. These habitats are selected during the overwintering period based on food availability, refuge from predators, and suitability as stopover sites during migration. This study investigated the structure, diversity, and habitat preferences of Charadriiform bird assemblages in the coastal zone of São Luís Island across four distinct areas—Porto do Itaqui, Praia do Cajueiro, Ferry Boat, and Canal da Raposa—using 500-meter transects surveyed on foot and by boat between March 2023 and July 2025. Direct counting and bioacoustic methods were employed for species identification, and comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). A total of 31 species were recorded, eight of which are classified as threatened at the national level. The Raposa area exhibited the highest species richness (31), followed by Porto do Itaqui (22), Cajueiro (19), and Ferry (18). Regarding maximum abundance across the areas, *C. pusilla* showed the highest count (8,000) at Cajueiro, while *Calidris minutilla* showed the lowest count (2) at Raposa. Of the 36 models generated, the GLMM accounting for the interaction between area and habitat—including time as a factor and a zero-inflated component—was identified as the most competitive model for explaining bird diversity. Porto do Itaqui stood out in pairwise comparisons of diversity indices among the areas, demonstrating greater evenness between diversity and abundance. Regarding habitat preference, *C. pusilla* was primarily associated with "Lavado" (LAV) and mangrove (MAN) habitats, while *C. semipalmatus* and *A. interpres* preferred dune habitats with temporary lagoons (DLT). *C. cirrocephalus* in Sea and River (MR) and Sandy Intertidal Zone (ZIA) habitats; *P. simplex* in Beach (PRA) habitat; *L. atricilla*, *G. nilotica*, *S. superciliaris*, and *S. antillarum* in Sea and River (MR) habitats; *C. canutus*, *T. acuflavidus*, *S. hirundo*, and *R. niger* in Beach (PRA) and Sandy Intertidal Zone (ZIA) habitats. The results underscore the importance of coastal environments in Maranhão in the face of anthropogenic threats to habitat quality at migratory bird wintering and stopover sites, contributing relevant information to conservation policies for the study areas—such as the National Coastal Management Plan (PNGC) and the Coastal Management Law (Law No. 7.661/1988)—given that these habitats are crucial for population continuity during migration, particularly for species experiencing population declines, such as *C. pusilla*, *S. antillarum*, and *C. wilsonia*; the study also supports monitoring efforts for the National Action Plan (PAN) for the Conservation of Migratory Birds. Mon, 02 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6281 2026-02-02T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6263 Título: Dinâmica ovocitária associada as estratégias reprodutivas da Mugil curema (Mugilidae, Teleostei) na costa maranhense como medidas de gestão pesqueira Abstact: The present study aimed to evaluate the oocyte dynamics and fecundity of the fish species Mugil curema as a tool to support conservation measures and sustainable use along the coast of Maranhão, Brazil. The study area comprised the coastal zone of Carimã and Curupu Islands, municipality of Raposa. Specimens were obtained through commercial fishing over a one-year period (May 2023 to April 2024). A total of 169 individuals were analyzed and transported to the Laboratory of Fishery Biology (BioPesq) at the State University of Maranhão for processing of biological material. In the laboratory, total length (TL), fork length (FL), standard length (SL), total body weight (TW), eviscerated weight (EW) (±0.01 g), and gonad weight (GW, ±0.01 g) were recorded. Subsequently, macroscopic identification of gonadal maturation stage and sex determination were carried out, followed by microscopic classification through histological analyses. The sex ratio was 1F:0.6M. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 16.83 cm for females and 18.51 cm for males. Five gonadal maturation stages were identified: A – immature; B – developing; C – mature; D – spent; and E – resting. The classification of oogenesis stages in M. curema ovaries included oogonia, CA – cortical alveoli, Vtg1, Vtg2, and Vtg3 – primary, secondary, and tertiary vitellogenesis, respectively; hydration; POF – post-ovulatory follicle; and atresia. Absolute fecundity was estimated at 48,825 oocytes, with relative fecundity reaching approximately 102 (±4,882,500). In July, a peak of nearly 20% frequency was observed for oocytes with modal diameters ranging from 144 to 176 μm. The study of oocyte dynamics in M. curema revealed reproductive patterns influenced by environmental factors, which are essential for management and conservation strategies along the Maranhão coast.The study of oocyte dynamics in M. curema revealed reproductive patterns influenced by the environment, which are crucial for management and conservation strategies along the coast of Maranhão. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6263 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6253 Título: Determinação da atividade biológica de algas marinhas da costa maranhense com aplicação ao manejo de fungos micotoxigênicos provenientes de ostras cultivadas no estado Abstact: The search for natural bioactive molecules in macroalgae has gained global prominence, driven by the need to improve production processes in various sectors through non-synthetic alternatives, as well as the growing demand for sustainable solutions to various problems. The presence of fungal pathogens with potential risks to human health represents a growing challenge in the production of aquatic organisms. One example is oyster farming, a promising sector in Brazil, which already has records of microbiological contamination. Therefore, this research aims to bioprospect marine macroalgae present on the coast of Maranhão and determine the biological activity of selected species on the management of fungi isolated from cultivated oysters. To this end, tests were carried out using hydroalcoholic extracts from macroalgae collected in three regions of the Maranhão coast, against species of the fungal genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, followed by phytochemical screening for the identification of the active compounds of the macroalgae. In parallel, a systematic literature review was conducted on the antifungal potential of marine macroalgae, highlighting the absence of this type of study in Brazil. Furthermore, educational material on the subject was developed. The resultsindicate promising activity, as morphological and physiological aspects were significantly reduced by the extracts, promoting varied responses among macroalgae and fungal species. Furthermore, chemical groups previously associated with antimicrobial potential were identified in the extracts. Thus, this work not only contributes to the prospecting of biomolecules applicable to microbiological control but also addresses a relevant gap in the Brazilian context, where products derived from marine macroalgae represent promising alternatives to enhance the productivity and safety of cultivated organisms. Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6253 2026-03-09T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6031 Título: Avaliação dos impactos ambientais através das respostas bioquímicas em ostras Crassostrea sp. (Bivalvia, Ostreidae) na baía de São José - Maranhão Abstact: The responses of organisms as an environmental monitoring tool have been used by organisms sensitive to changes that occur in the environment. Among the organisms used as biomonitors, oysters stand out, which accumulate large amounts of contaminants in their tissues. In this sense, this research aimed to determine the physical-chemical parameters of seawater at three points in São José Bay, Maranhão - Brazil, perform biometry of oysters of the genus Crassostrea, evaluate the anthropic impact through the quantification of nitrites (NO2) and identify oyster species through molecular analysis. For this, oysters of the genus Crassostrea were collected in the dry season in October 2022 and the rainy season in March 2023 at three points in São José Bay, point S1 (cultivation - Raposa), S2 (extractivism - Paço do Lumiar) and S3 ( urban area- São José de Ribamar). During the time of each collection (low tide), the physical-chemical parameters of the water were recorded at all sampling points and compared with CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, 2 ml of seawater was also collected at the three sampling points for NO2 quantification. The nitrite present in the oysters' supernatant was analyzed indirectly through the Griess reaction, which quantifies nitrites. For molecular analysis, DNA extraction techniques using the saline protocol and the Polymerase Chain Reaction were used. Analyzes of the physical-chemical parameters of seawater demonstrated that pH and temperature remained within established limits, except during the rainy season in the extractive area. The concentration of dissolved oxygen remained low at points S2 and S3. In the biometric analysis, it is possible to observe that oysters from extractivism are smaller in all dimensions, especially in the rainy season. The result of nitrite quantification in the oyster supernatant revealed significantly higher concentrations in the extraction area (dry period 0.41 ± 0.7 mg/L and rainy period 0.28 ± 0.11 mg/L), showing that this area is the most impacted. Regarding molecular identification, it was possible to observe a pattern of bands that correspond to Crassostrea gasar and Crassostrea rhizophorae. Therefore, the results found indicate that the quantification of nitrites is an innovative, simple, effective and lowcost tool that can be used in environmental monitoring in addition to the physicalchemical parameters of water and biometric analysis. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6031 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z