https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1902 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 20:50:40 GMT 2026-08-18T20:50:40Z http://repositorio.uema.br:80/jspui/retrieve/a0cffe5d-e12b-47eb-8a8f-aa69837eb4d9/Defesa sanitária animal.png https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1902 https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6375 Título: Resposta Imunológica de Bezerras Bubalinas (Bubalus Bubalis) à vacinação com amostra indutora (B19) e não indutora (RB51) de anticorpos aglutinantes Abstact: Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great sanitary and economic importance that affects several animal species, including the buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis), negatively impacting One Health and herd productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response of buffalo heifers vaccinated with the B19 and RB51 strains against brucellosis in the municipality of Viana, located in the Baixada Maranhense region, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Thirty female buffaloes aged between 3 and 12 months were sampled and randomly divided into three experimental groups of ten animals each: Group 1 (G1), vaccinated with the B19 strain; Group 2 (G2), vaccinated with the RB51 strain; and Group 3 (G3), unvaccinated control group. Blood samples were collected on days 0 (pre-vaccination), 14, 90, and 180 post-vaccination. Biological material collected from groups G1 and G3 was subjected to the Buffered Acidified Antigen (BAA) test and the 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) test to detect the post-vaccination immune response. The results showed that the B19 vaccine induced an immune response with 100% of the animals reacting to the BAA test up to day 90, with a decrease in this response by day 180, when 10% of the group showed no reaction. In the 2-ME test, a gradual decline in IgG titers was observed over time, with detectable responses up to day 180. The control group remained negative throughout all periods. In Group 2 (G2), vaccinated with the RB51 strain, the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used to assess the immune response. No reactive animals were detected at any of the sampling times (0, 14, 90, or 180 days). The findings highlight the importance of using diagnostic tests capable of distinguishing vaccinated from non-vaccinated animals to avoid false-positive or false- negative results, as well as the need to develop serological techniques specific for animals vaccinated with non-agglutinating antibody-inducing strains (RB51). Such developments can support vaccination strategies and active surveillance for animal brucellosis, promoting control of this disease in buffaloes in the Baixada Maranhense region. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6375 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6374 Título: Abundância e sazonalidade da mosca-dos-chifres: Haematobia irritans no Bioma Amazônia Abstact: The horn fly is an ectoparasite that mainly affects cattle, continuously feeding on the blood of these animals through its bite, causing enormous losses in the production of meat and milk. The present work aims to understand the biological aspects of the fly -dos-horns in the Maranhão Amazon, providing the basis for strategic control. The experiment was carried out on a farm in the municipality of Buriticupu, Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. The study was carried out during the parasitic and non-parasitic phases. In the parasitic phase, 100 Nelore females (Bos indicus) were used, aged between 1.5 and 2 years, and were observed every 15 days to count horn flies. To do this, within the batch, 30 animals were chosen at random and the count was always done on one side of the animal, and the number of flies multiplied by 2x. The count followed the following pattern: ≤ 50 flies were counted individually, > 50 flies were counted in groups that were added together at the end of each individual's count. In the non-parasitic phase, 20 emergency traps were used on fresh feces of the animals, and the flies that emerged from the feces were counted monthly. During the parasitic phase, horn fly population density varied throughout the year. A first population peak was observed in November and a second starting in May with a peak in June. At the November peak, an average of 600 flies/animal were observed, while at the June peak ~500 flies/animal. During the non-parasitic phase, peaks were observed in November (~180 flies) and May (110 flies). Both peaks (parasitic and non-parasitic phases) coincided with the beginning of the rainy season (November- December) and the end of the rainy season (May-June). It is concluded that the horn fly in the Amazon biome tends to present a seasonal pattern, with peaks in the months of November-December and May-June, with precipitation being an important regulator, since there was little variation in temperature throughout of the study Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6374 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6360 Título: Coccídios em aves silvestres da ilha do Maranhão: uma ameaça à saúde animal e à biodiversidade? desvendando os riscos e buscando soluções Abstact: Coccidiosis, caused by intracellular protozoa of the Eimeriidae family—primarily of the genera Eimeria and Isospora—has historically been underestimated within the context of Brazilian wild avifauna, despite representing a significant threat to animal health and biodiversity. This study presents the first systematic survey of coccidian occurrence in wild birds on Maranhão Island, an ecologically strategic region in northeastern Brazil characterized by coastal ecosystems and the presence of both resident and migratory bird species. A total of 136 fecal samples were collected between 2022 and 2024 during three seasonal expeditions (April/2022, September/2023, and April/2024), conducted preferably in the morning hours (6:00 to 11:00 a.m.), which correspond to the peak activity of target species. Each sample was divided into two aliquots: one underwent coproparasitological screening within 48 hours of collection, while the other was stored at −30 °C for subsequent DNA extraction and molecular analysis. Coproparasitological screening revealed that 5.15% (7/136) of the samples contained only coccidian oocysts, and 9.56% (13/136) showed concomitant presence of coccidian oocysts and helminth eggs, totaling a 14.70% (±4.94%) positivity rate. Among the 20 positive samples, 30% (6/20) were confirmed by PCR for protozoa of the genera Eimeria or Isospora. Two of these samples were subjected to molecular sequencing, with one identified to the genus level as Isospora spp., constituting the first molecular record of this genus in the avifauna of Maranhão Island. These findings underscore the importance of animal and environmental health surveillance in areas of ecological overlap between wild fauna and anthropogenic environments. Although coccidia do not pose a direct zoonotic risk, they may compromise biodiversity conservation and the health of domestic species, reinforcing the need for sustained monitoring strategies. The combination of originality, unprecedented regional scope, and methodological rigor provides scientific robustness and practical applicability to the study, highlighting the role of environmental education and public engagement in biodiversity conservation. Fri, 12 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6360 2025-09-12T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6335 Título: Sistema multiplataforma para suporte às atividades de inspeção sanitária em abatedouros frigoríficos de bovinos e suínos no Estado do Maranhão Abstact: This study aimed to develop and validate a multiplatform system to support sanitary inspec- tion activities in cattle and swine slaughterhouses in the state of Maranhão. To achieve this, the following steps were carried out: (i) a comprehensive literature review; (ii) a situational diagnosis conducted in nine slaughterhouses registered with the State Inspection Service of Maranhão, through two cycles of supervision (2021 and 2022) using a standardized checklist for verification of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and an inspection line verification list; (iii) the preparation of educational material for training professionals responsible for sani- tary inspection; (iv) the development of software using C#, .NET, and SQL languages, de- signed to record, monitor, and analyze inspection data; and (v) preliminary testing followed by field validation involving 11 volunteer veterinarians, who used the system over a 10-day period, enabling data collection through structured questionnaires applying the Likert scale and the System Usability Scale (SUS). A situational diagnosis of the hygienic-sanitary condi- tions of slaughterhouses registered with the state inspection service in 2021 and 2022 revealed considerable variability in compliance, with some establishments showing high adherence to sanitary standards, while others exhibited critical deficiencies, particularly concerning infra- structure, hygiene, and quality control. During the first supervision cycle in 2021, 33.3% of the establishments were classified as "Good" and 66.6% as "Fair." In the second cycle, con- ducted in 2022, improvements were observed, with 55.5% classified as "Good" and 33.3% as "Fair." Regarding inspection lines, the results indicated a concerning scenario: none of the nine facilities had fully implemented all required inspection lines, exposing a potential risk to consumer health. To provide technical support to inspection professionals, a Manual of Pro- cedures for Cattle and Swine Inspection Lines was developed — an educational and exten- sively illustrated material designed to support the standardization and qualification of post- mortem inspection practices in slaughterhouses. Additionally, a multiplatform system named INSPETEC was developed, incorporating specific functionalities for recording inspections and supporting routine inspection management by enabling information recording and the issuance of official documentation and reports. After field testing for validation, INSPETEC achieved an average functionality score of 38 points (out of 50) and an average SUS usability score of 76 points, both surpassing the desired thresholds, thus demonstrating its effectiveness and acceptability. In conclusion, INSPETEC represents a robust and innovative tool that modernizes sanitary inspection processes, enhancing traceability and efficiency in data man- agement, ensuring proper enforcement of current legislation, and contributing to improved food safety. Continued development and future studies are recommended to expand its inte- gration with other systems and to adapt it to different regional contexts. Mon, 05 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6335 2025-05-05T00:00:00Z