https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2245 2026-08-24T22:57:11Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6484 Título: Vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pindaré – MA Abstact: This research aims to analyze environmental vulnerability in the Pindaré river basin – MA, considering the use and land cover there between the years 1991 to 2021. To achieve the proposed objective, bibliographic research was carried out; selection of cartographic bases; application of geoprocessing techniques to produce thematic maps, using a scale of 1:250,000; and the use of the QGIS Geographic Information System. As a methodological path, we used Crepani et. al. (2001) to obtain vulnerability factors, where the different degrees of vulnerability prevalent in the Pindaré river basin were assessed, based on three types of environments considered as environmental units, namely: stable environments, in which pedogenesis prevails; intergrade environments, in which there is a balance between pedogenesis and morphogenesis; and those that are highly unstable, in which morphogenesis predominates. The final results made it possible to identify that regarding the stable aspects of the Pindaré river basin, the watercourses and areas located in the southern part of the basin, where welldeveloped soils were identified, with the presence of remaining vegetation cover, low rate of erosive potential energy of the relief, in addition to, for the most part, stable levels of rainfall intensity, correspond to environments with the occurrence of the pedogenesis process. As for the landscape units considered vulnerable, the greatest predominance was found in the north of the basin, with the presence of the lithostratigraphic units Alluvial Deposits, Wetland and Mangrove Deposits and Fluvio-lagoon Deposits, characterizing, in addition to the presence of poorly developed soils, also an intense process of water retention and difficulties in surface runoff, such as the multiple classes of plintosols. In the central areas of the basin, high levels of potential erosive energy of the relief were identified, in relation to declivity and horizontal and vertical dissections, in addition to high variations in rainfall intensity in 1991. Furthermore, the use and cover of the land demonstrated is intense in these regions, covering mainly pasture and monocultures, damaging the natural vegetation cover. Finally, the Pindaré river basin presented multiple processes of modification of its landscape units, which are more stable in the south, intergrade in the center and vulnerable in the north. Such information is encouraged in view of the growing process of agricultural and urban development in the region in the last thirty years, in addition to the unrestrained use of natural resources and suppression of vegetation, activities that contribute to the growing state of environmental vulnerability in the area, providing each increasingly scenarios of catastrophic events for the environmental characteristics of the Pindaré river basin. 2024-03-20T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6413 Título: Subdesenvolvimento como forma de reprodução do capital: a materialidade da dependência no Maranhão Abstact: This dissertation analyzes the underdevelopment of the state of Maranhão from a historicalstructural perspective, grounded in historical-dialectical materialism and the Marxist Theory of Dependency (MTD). The main objective is to demonstrate that the persistent socioeconomic inequalities in the state do not constitute conjunctural anomalies, but rather express the specific form of Maranhão’s insertion into the prevailing pattern of capital reproduction in contemporary Brazil, characterized by the Export-Oriented Pattern of Productive Specialization (EOPPS). The first chapter establishes the methodological foundations of the research, discussing Marx’s method and the centrality of the ontology of social being, praxis, and the category of concrete totality. It highlights the analytical movement from apparent concreteness to thought concreteness, guided by the categories of contradiction and mediation. The second chapter develops the theoretical framework of the Marxist Theory of Dependency, addressing concepts such as value transfer, superexploitation of labor, and patterns of capital reproduction, emphasizing the consolidation of the EOPPS in the contemporary Brazilian economy. The third chapter reconstructs the socio-spatial formation of Maranhão, highlighting its historical insertion into the international division of labor, from the colonial period to the recent phase of conservative modernization, marked by the formation of productive enclaves and the intensification of dependency. The fourth chapter analyzes the materiality of the EOPPS in the state through three structuring axes, namely the mineral-logistics axis, the agribusiness expansion in the MATOPIBA region, and enclave industries, as well as the concrete mediations of the State, logistics, and financial capital. In this context, the social consequences of this pattern are examined, particularly the reproduction of poverty, socio-spatial inequality, agrarian conflicts, and contemporary forms of slave labor. The study concludes that Maranhão’s underdevelopment does not represent a residual or transitional condition, but rather a functional element of dependent capitalism, revealing the structural coexistence between wealth production and the reproduction of poverty 2026-05-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6411 Título: Análise dos parâmetros morfométricos na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pindaré - MA Abstact: Rivers play an essential role in maintaining life and the balance of geosystems. Within the field of fluvial geomorphology, morphometric analysis is responsible for determining and evaluating the components of drainage networks in river basins. This specialty is based on the analytical method, which considers and characterizes the set of slopes and channels belonging to the relief. From this perspective, the measurements of these variables form the basis for the composition of morphometric parameters. The objective of this research is to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the Pindaré River basin, located in the central-western portion of the state of Maranhão. To achieve this, the methodological path followed consisted of: survey and analysis of bibliographic material; preparation of a cartographic base in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, ArcGIS®, version 10.2.2 by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), and fieldwork. Thus, the parameters adopted were based on the classic literature of Horton (1945), Strahler (1952), Miller (1953), Schumm (1956), Christofoletti (1980), Alves and Castro (2003), such as: area, perimeter, drainage network, number of channels, total length of channels, maximum basin altitude, basin altimetric amplitude, main channel length, axial distance of the main channel, slope, drainage density, hydrographic density, maintenance coefficient, and shape index. In view of this, the results indicate that the main springs of the Pindaré River are located in the cities of Montes Altos and Amarante do Maranhão, in the Krikati indigenous land. At an altitude of 371 m, its drainage presents a dendritic pattern of 6th order hierarchy, according to Strahler’s classification (1952), with a regular drainage density of 0.53 km/km² and a hydrographic density of 0.114 km/km². Additionally, the Pindaré River basin demonstrated a strong influence of structural control, where rivers flow through structural elements and geological faults. Despite this, its main channel proved to be predominantly straight, with a sinuosity index of 1.57 and the presence of well-defined meanders restricted to the lower course. It was found that the main river runs about 466.3 km to its mouth, with a total drainage area of 40,280 km². Furthermore, the circularity index of 0.39 and the form factor of 0.21 reinforce the low susceptibility to flooding under normal rainfall conditions. The study area is predominantly characterized by the geological unit of the Itapecuru Group. Regarding the highlighted geomorphological class, they are the Dissected Plateaus, and in relation to pedological characteristics, the Dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol predominates. This work aims to encourage the implementation of future measures to preserve and maintain riparian forests and surface water resources 2024-04-11T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6337 Título: Impactos ambientais da indústria de cerâmica vermelha em Itapecuru- Mirim/MA Abstact: Minerals play an essential role in humanity, and the mining industry is recognized as a driver of economic development because minerals are indispensable natural resources that provide raw materials for various industries. Clay, since ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Middle East to Roman and Islamic cultures, is the primary mineral in the production of red ceramics. Ceramic products made from clay, such as bricks and tiles, are widely used today due to their quality and durability. Clay extraction, often carried out with backhoes, alters the landscape where it occurs, causing various environmental impacts. In Brazil, the red ceramic industry is traditional and produces approximately 63.6 billion pieces annually, with a consumption of around 140 megatons of clay. In the municipality of Itapecuru-Mirim/MA, 21 companies stand out in mining and red ceramic production, with millions of monthly pieces, being one of the largest producers in the state. The research aims to analyze the red ceramic industry in the municipality, aiming for a balance between the development of economic activity and the maintenance of natural resources, and to propose measures to mitigate related impacts, based on the relationship established from the Geosystem and the mapping carried out, as well as field activities. It was found that the impacts include deforestation without reforestation, degradation of springs, degradation of drainage by artificial lakes, degradation of water bodies and permanent preservation areas, potential for the development of respiratory diseases, corruption, and lack of oversight. There is also a history of the appropriation of public lands, underreporting of the quantity produced to pay fewer compensation taxes, continuous deforestation in other areas not previously delimited, the disuse of filters in chimneys, and the illegal use of electricity. A scenario of degradation was observed that significantly interferes with the dynamics of the natural environment of the locality in question, requiring the strengthening of public oversight bodies and environmental management in companies 2024-02-23T00:00:00Z