https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2179 2026-07-10T07:31:24Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6284 Título: Verticalização urbana em São Luís: produção urbana do capital, marco regulatório e espaço construído Abstact: This dissertation analyzes the unfolding of the verticalization process in São Luís–MA from historical, political, institutional, and economic perspectives. The study is grounded in the central hypothesis that verticalization in São Luís is neither a neutral phenomenon nor merely the result of demographic transformations or technological innovations; rather, it constitutes a strategy of land valorization and capitalist accumulation that shapes urban space according to the interests of dominant classes. The research achieved its objectives by understanding verticalization as an instrument of capitalist urban production, highlighting its global origins and dissemination. The process is interpreted as a manifestation of political and economic forces, thus transcending the purely technical dimension of construction. In addressing the regulatory framework, the study examined the historical development of urban legislation (Master Plans and Zoning Laws of 1975, 1981, 1992, 2006, and 2023), demonstrating how the legal apparatus has been progressively flexibilized to legitimize and promote selective verticalization in areas of high interest to real estate capital. An evaluation of the built environment was also conducted. A detailed typomorphological study was carried out in the area with the highest concentration of vertical development in the city. The analysis reveals that the resulting urban form—characterized by homogeneous towers, large setbacks, privatized ground floors, and high-density gated enclaves—constitutes a model of distinction and socio-spatial segregation. The study demonstrates that the vertical landscape in São Luís is established as a symbol of power, resulting in the commodification of urban land and the fragmentation of the urban fabric. Urban legislation operates as the primary agent in shaping the built environment, serving as an instrument aligned with the interests of hegemonic urban ideologies and dominant social classes. This research contributes to the debate by uncovering the mechanisms through which the city is hierarchized, offering insights for urban planning aimed at fostering a less unequal metropolis. In its materiality, verticalization in São Luís emerges as a visible expression of the contradiction between the discourse of progress and the reproduction of structural inequalities 2025-10-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6237 Título: (RE)Significação da velhice no cenário neoliberal: direito ou um fardo social? Abstact: The present study primarily aims to analyze the implications of the Social Assistance Policy for old age, considering the living conditions of elderly people residing in the Itaqui-Bacanga Region who are served by the CRAS Anjo da Guarda. Based on the method of historicaldialectical materialism, the study starts from the conception of old age and aging as a social category that is not limited to biological factors but is influenced by various determinants that shape a given social reality. Using the sociability of capital as a reference, it is discussed that the stages of human life come to be interpreted from a productivist perspective, in which the value of the individual is defined according to their ability to meet the demands of capital. Thus, those who lose this utility suffer from exclusion and marginalization processes generated by this system, as is the case with elderly people, which creates the need for mechanisms aimed at protecting this stage of life. In Brazil, specifically, protection systems aimed at this population only began to be incorporated more comprehensively with the Federal Constitution of 1988, which recognizes the rights of the elderly, including the right to Social Assistance. However, it is argued that the consolidation of this right as a public policy takes place in an adverse context, marked by the advance of the neoliberal project, which has implications for its implementation and, consequently, for the lives of its users. This perspective is analyzed through the specificities of the elderly people assisted by the CRAS Anjo da Guarda, one of the PAS units in the Itaqui- Bacanga Region, where the field research was conducted. The study showed that, despite the significant impacts of this policy on the social, physical, and emotional development of elderly people, there are also difficulties in the delivery of services, related to the reduction of State action in social areas. This reveals that, often, investment in this field is seen as a cost, which reflects the socially constructed meaning attributed to old age. 2025-08-12T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6061 Título: Organização e resistência na luta dos trabalhadores rurais da Comunidade do Cajueiro, em face do processo de implantação do TUP/Porto São Luís-MA Abstact: This dissertation presents a reflection and analysis on industrial development projects in the Cajueiro community located in the Rural Zone II of São Luís, Maranhão, highlighting changes in the territorial dynamics of the community under study, as well as discussing the organization and resistance of this community in the face of actions of developmental projects. Specifically, it has been shown that this century-old community lives essentially from extractivism, agriculture and the creation of small animals and, since 2014, it has been experiencing a socio-territorial struggle and a great confrontation on the part of its workers against the installation of the TUP Porto São Luís, represented by the company WPR São Luís Gestão de Portos e Terminais and the chinese company China Communications Construction Company. It was also highlighted the installation of industrial projects under the dynamics of capital and its implications in disputes over land. The logic of capital in peripheral countries and the development policy in Brazil were contextualized from the 1950s to the 1980s, focusing on the role of the State and the market in relation to these policies. The action of industrial projects was addressed, as well as the port expansion in the Cajueiro community, from projects financed by federal and transnational funds that disregard the way of life and cultural diversity, in addition to the right of these workers to land. Changes in the way of life and working conditions of rural workers in the Cajueiro community were also analyzed in view of the prospect of implementing the private port. The discussion focused on the organization and resistance of rural workers in Brazil, highlighting the forms of expression of working-class consciousness. Finally, the struggle of the Cajueiro community in its political consciousness movements was analyzed, highlighting its organizational and resistance forms and strategies in the struggle for land as a condition for survival. There is, political organization in this context is the expression of workers in the face of the conflict generated by capital. This study is based on the historical-dialectical materialist method, having as reference the bibliographic and documental research, to understand the central categories and their implications in the concrete reality, precisely in the Cajueiro community 2022-03-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5730 Título: Políticas públicas de fomento à agricultura familiar: uma análise nos povoados de Pindoba e Iguaíba em Paço do Lumiar-MA Abstact: This dissertation aims to highlight the relevance of family farming over time and its role in reducing food insecurity, as well as the importance of public policies to encourage family farming. The work promotes an analysis of public policies to promote family farming in the villages of Pindoba and Iguaíba, located in the municipality of Paço do Lumiar-MA. The research started from the following problem: what is the role of public policies to promote family farming in the socioeconomic development of the municipality of Paço do Lumiar-MA? The investigation covered programs that encourage family farming were executed in the municipality in the period from 2017 to 2022. It was surveyed which benefits of support and productive social inclusion family farmers had access to and which projects were executed. During the conduction of the studies, the dialectical method was used, and data collection took place through research techniques involving interviews conducted with the application of a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The programs implemented in Paço do Lumiar to which farmers had access are the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), Programa de Fortalecimento Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) and Programa de Compras da Agricultura Familiar (PROCAF). These programs have helped local producers in subsistence, in the sustenance of their families and in the production, marketing and generation of income. Because 80% of respondents have access to programs such as PRONAF and PROCAF, while 43% have access to lines of credit. Therefore, a large majority subsists on the value they receive from programs where they participate by supplying products and making products. In the perception of all the interviewees, the programs to promote family farming have had a positive impact on their lives, both economically and socially. With the conclusion of the research, it was possible to verify that the policies of strengthening family agriculture have contributed to the incentive to local producers in the production and commercialization of agricultural inputs, as well as the guarantee of food security 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z