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Fundamentos técnico-científicos para elaboração de regulamento estadual de certificação do mel de abelhas sem ferrão do Maranhão

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Fundamentos técnico-científicos para elaboração de regulamento estadual de certificação do mel de abelhas sem ferrão do Maranhão Abstact: Stingless bee honey has increasing socioeconomic and commercial relevance, especially in regions where meliponiculture is traditional, such as Maranhão. However, the lack of specific regulations for processing this product in the state compromises sanitary certification, quality standardization, and market competitiveness. With the aim of contributing to a draft state technical regulation on identity and quality for stingless bee honey, this study characterized the physicochemical, microbiological, and melissopalynological parameters of 15 samples from the five mesoregions of Maranhão and conducted a systematic review on the subject. The analyses included indicators of maturity, purity, deterioration, and microbiological quality, compared to limits established in regulatory standards of other Brazilian states. The results revealed conformity in the parameters of maturity and purity, with adequate levels of moisture, water activity, reducing sugars, diastase, ash, and insoluble solids, in addition to the consistent presence of pollen grains associated with regional flowerings. On the other hand, non- conformities were observed in the deterioration indicators, especially in the hydroxymethylfurfural values, in addition to punctual deviations in pH, free acidity, and mold and yeast counts, suggesting the influence of environmental conditions and processing practices. The findings provide a technical basis for establishing physicochemical and microbiological limits compatible with the productive reality of Maranhão. The proposed draft contributes to the standardization

Raiva dos herbívoros na Região da Floresta dos Guarás, Maranhão: interações entre fatores ambientais, socioculturais e a dinâmica de Desmodus rotundus

2025-11-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Raiva dos herbívoros na Região da Floresta dos Guarás, Maranhão: interações entre fatores ambientais, socioculturais e a dinâmica de Desmodus rotundus Abstact: Rabies in herbivores represents a significant sanitary and economic problem for Brazilian livestock production, with the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus acting as the main vector of the rabies virus in rural areas. This thesis analyzed the spatial dynamics of animal rabies in the state of Maranhão and the patterns of livestock attacks caused by vampire bats in the Floresta dos Guarás region, integrating ecological, environmental, and sociocultural factors across different spatial scales. Official data on rabies outbreaks in cattle and equines from 2005 to 2024, records from 475 nocturnal capture expeditions of D. rotundus (of which 384 were successful, corresponding to an 80.84% success rate), and 170 structured interviews with rural producers were analyzed. The analyses included exploratory spatial statistics, Kernel density estimation, the Bivariate Local Moran’s Index (BiLISA), Poisson regression, and Random Forest (RF) predictive modeling, complemented by nonparametric statistical tests. At the state level, rabies showed a heterogeneous spatial distribution, with higher incidence in the northern microregions of Maranhão, positively associated with the loss of surface water (p < 0.05), whereas forest fire frequency and deforestation were negatively associated with rabies incidence (p < 0.05). In the Guarás region, the RF model for predicting vampire bat attacks showed high predictive performance (AUC > 0.80), with livestock density emerging as the most important variable (MDA = 39.86; MDG = 35.99), followed by distance to water bodies. Livestock attacks were predominantly concentrated in areas with lower slope, higher herd density, and less fragmented forest landscapes. A total of 1,174 vampire bats were captured and treated, with a predominance of females (61.0%); however, these interventions were not associated with a proportional reduction in livestock attacks. Interviews revealed that 67.1% of producers reported a history of livestock attacks, with cattle being the most frequently affected species (64.6%), in addition to a low level of knowledge regarding bat ecology and a greater predisposition to roost destruction among producers with lower educational levels and prior attack experience. Overall, the results indicate that rabies occurrence and vampire bat attacks respond differently to anthropogenic landscape changes, although they share common environmental determinants, highlighting the need for integrated strategies that combine epidemiological surveillance, sanitary education, environmental management, and wildlife conservation. As outcomes of this research, a scientific article addressing the effects of deforestation, wildfires, and drought on animal rabies incidence in Maranhão and a technical manual for the ethical management and control of vampire bats, aligned with the guidelines of the National Program for the Control of Herbivore Rabies, were produced

Proposta de uma ferramenta digital para inovação tecnológica na gestão e eficiência no abate sanitário de bovídeos

2026-01-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Proposta de uma ferramenta digital para inovação tecnológica na gestão e eficiência no abate sanitário de bovídeos Abstact: The beef production chain represents a strategic sector for the economy of Maranhão, Brazil, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and food security. In this context, sanitary inspection plays a critical role in protecting public health by ensuring that animal-origin products comply with established hygiene and safety standards. The effectiveness of these actions depends on information traceability and the proper organization of animal health defense processes. However, the lack of standardized and systematized data compromises responsiveness to sanitary risks and limits the planning of inspection activities. This study aimed to develop a digital tool to support technological innovation and modernization of sanitary inspection of cattle in slaughterhouses. The proposed solution is a multiplatform information system designed for mobile and desktop use, with both online and offline functionality, enabling adaptation to field operational conditions. The methodology included a literature review, technical requirements analysis, and software development, prioritizing usability and functionality. The system, named INSPETEC, is structured into two main modules: (i) support for sanitary inspection activities and (ii) management of slaughterhouse routines and public interaction, enhancing transparency and social participation in sanitary control. The interface was designed based on usability and ergonomics principles, in accordance with ISO 9241-11, featuring an intuitive layout and simplified workflows. Offline functionality with local data storage and automatic cloud synchronization ensures system operability in low- connectivity environments. Key features include digital recording of ante- and post-mortem inspections, application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) checklists, image attachment, automated report generation, integrated access to current legislation, generation of strategic indicators, and submission of georeferenced reports of illegal slaughter and informal trade with real-time image capture. System testing and validation, approved by a Research Ethics Committee, were conducted in a real-world environment with 38 participants, including official veterinarians, independent professionals, and members of the public. System use occurred over two ten-day periods. User experience was assessed through structured digital questionnaires (Google Forms®), applying the Likert scale and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Excel® support. Results indicated satisfactory usability (mean score: 2.8) and functionality (mean score: 3.86), with all evaluations exceeding the median. According to SUS classification (0–100 scale), 63.16% of participants rated the system as “good,” 23.68% as “excellent,” and 13.16% as “best imaginable.” It is concluded that INSPETEC is an innovative and potentially unprecedented technological tool in the context of animal-origin food inspection, demonstrating strong alignment with the needs of official services and practical applicability in field conditions. Further studies are recommended to enhance the system, enable integration with other platforms, and adapt it to different regional contexts

Avicultura de corte comercial na Ilha do Maranhão: perfil socioeconômico, produtivo e utilização de cama de aviário

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Avicultura de corte comercial na Ilha do Maranhão: perfil socioeconômico, produtivo e utilização de cama de aviário Abstact: The objective of this research was to characterize the socioeconomic and productive profile of commercial poultry in the Island of Maranhão - MA and to report the sanitary episode of avian litter intake by cattle, epidemiologically characterizing the sanitary situation and the sanitation measures implemented. In order to reach the objectives of this study, 10 commercial broiler breeders registered at the State Agency of Agricultural and Livestock Defense of the State of Maranhão were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. E, used 119 cattle from a rural property located in the municipality of São José de Ribamar - MA. As a basic research instrument (questionnaires) it was possible to determine some characteristics of poultry farming, such as: profile of poultry producers; characteristics of properties; performance of the activity; and, production, use and marketing of aviary bed. With the results obtained in this study we observed a new organization of the production chain of broilers in the study area. Thus, there is a producer with a differentiated profile in the Island of Maranhão, characterized by production in partnership with integrating companies and employment of hired labor, characterizing an industrial-type poultry; incorporation of producers with larger land areas and greater bird housing capacity; and, the presence of technical assistance that is reverted in improvement of the sanitary state and, consequently, in the indicators of productive performance. As for the sanitary episode, this was the result of an anonymous complaint about the supply of poultry litter as feed for cattle. After 72 hours of the complaint, property inspection and collection of feed samples were carried out. The collected material was sent to the National Agricultural Laboratory of Santa Catarina for the detection or not of by-products of animal origin. In the initial inspection to the rural property was verified the presence of aviary bed supplied to the cattle as food. And, the laboratory result was detected the presence of uncalcined bones, non-hydrolyzed feathers and blood, which proves the feeding of the animals with byproducts of animal origin. The data obtained in this study show that commercial poultry farming in the Island of Maranhão has great potential for expansion, mainly based on grain supply, climate, favorable topography and good infrastructure. However, there is a need to establish incentive measures for poultry farms focused on health education, taking into account the production, use and commercialization of poultry litter and the risks arising from them in ruminant feeding. It is suggested the intensification in the active inspections in ruminant rearing properties and the control in the transit of the aviary bed that appears in the documentation the purpose of use of this byproduct.