DSpace Coleção:https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/46342026-04-14T20:43:32Z2026-04-14T20:43:32ZA “Via Crucis” para a implantação do serviço de inspeção municipal em municípios maranhenses: desafios, operacionalização, manutenção e inserção social dos agricultores familiares por meio do acesso a mercadoshttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/57292025-12-23T13:42:50Z2023-10-30T00:00:00ZTítulo: A “Via Crucis” para a implantação do serviço de inspeção municipal em municípios maranhenses: desafios, operacionalização, manutenção e inserção social dos agricultores familiares por meio do acesso a mercados
Abstact: The lack of human resources with specific training to carry out the implementation procedures
of the Municipal Inspection Service – SIM contributes to the low insertion of animal protein
from family farming in formal markets, showing the increasing need for support from public
authorities so that public policies achieve the desired result. Therefore, the objective of the
study was to evaluate the obstacles and propose alternatives for the implementation of the
Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in municipalities in Maranhão, focusing on the challenges,
operationalization, maintenance and access to markets. To this end, the study construction
process was divided into three stages, starting with the situational survey of the SIM in the state
of Maranhão, followed by the identification of the perception of the executors and managers of
policies/programs for the commercialization of family farming products on the main obstacles
that impede the implementation, operationalization and maintenance of the SIM and ending
with the preparation of a Technical Manual entitled “Removing bureaucracy from SIM
Implementation: manual for managers and technicians”. In the first stage of the study, a
retrospective documentary bibliographical research was carried out, through consultation of
reports and databases, electronic and physical from the State Agency for Agricultural Defense
of Maranhão, referring to the years 2012 to 2021. In the second stage, it was applied a semi-
structured questionnaire for 44 managers/executors of policies to support the commercialization
of family farming products, in which the variables analyzed were divided into two blocks of
questions: (i) characteristics and functions of managers/executors of policies/programs; and,
(ii) level of knowledge about SIM, ending with the main difficulties in inserting animal protein
in institutional markets. To prepare the manual, which constituted the third stage of the work,
a bibliographic survey was carried out on the topic and using simple language, the content of
the e-Book was organized into six modules, aiming to clarify the main doubts of the actors
involved, identified during the work. The results obtained show that: i) SIM is absent in most
municipalities in Maranhão and in those that are present, its fragility can be seen, which can
compromise the quality of animal protein inserted in institutional markets; ii) There is a need
for public policies for its implementation, accompanied by greater attention from the state
public authorities so that, together with market access policies, they can boost the economy of
the municipalities of Maranhão; iii) The implementation of these policies and programs is still
institutionally individualized, which, combined with the interviewees' little knowledge about
food regulatory policies, can be included in the obstacles to the insertion of animal protein in
the Maranhão institutional market. It is concluded that the technical product generated, due to
its didactic and guiding nature, can increase the number of municipalities with the SIM
implemented and, consequently, contribute significantly to public policies to strengthen family
farming, food security and sustainable local development. can have a transformative effect on
the quality of life of families and the environment in which they live2023-10-30T00:00:00ZAplicativo NOTIFICA: ferramenta digital para auxílio ao serviço de defesa agropecuária no monitoramento de doenças em rebanhos animais no estado do Maranhãohttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/55322025-10-30T16:37:21Z2024-09-30T00:00:00ZTítulo: Aplicativo NOTIFICA: ferramenta digital para auxílio ao serviço de defesa agropecuária no monitoramento de doenças em rebanhos animais no estado do Maranhão
Abstact: Compulsory Notifiable Diseases (CNDs) represent a significant limiting factor for
animal production and a complicating factor for public health, especially for diseases
that lack effective prevention and control mechanisms or those associated with
environmental, social, and economic drivers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate
the usability of an application with a user-friendly and functional interface, designed to
enhance communication and interaction with strategic stakeholders, such as livestock
producers, agribusinesses, cooperatives, government agencies, and agricultural
science professionals. Inspired by the content and disease notification forms of the e-
Sisbravet system. The application was designed to facilitate disease reporting and
epidemiological monitoring in Maranhão state, developed using C# with an interface in
XAML and employing SQLite for local database storage, the system connects to an
MSSQL database through a Web API also written in C#. For validation, 30 students
from the State Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Maranhão (IEMA)
participated in usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) via a Google
Forms survey, assessing the app’s functionality and usability. The app received
positive acceptance, achieving an average usability score of 61.16. The application
was designed to streamline disease notification for agricultural defense in Maranhão
and provide rapid access to information on herds and properties, registered with the
National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI - BR512024002345-3)2024-09-30T00:00:00ZCaracterização de bactérias do complexo Aeromonas isoladas de Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1816) e resistência a antimicrobianos: impacto em sanidade animal, saúde pública e meio ambientehttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/55132025-10-29T14:14:47Z2024-05-16T00:00:00ZTítulo: Caracterização de bactérias do complexo Aeromonas isoladas de Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1816) e resistência a antimicrobianos: impacto em sanidade animal, saúde pública e meio ambiente
Abstact: Colossoma macropomum, evaluate resistance to antimicrobials and promote discussion of the
topic within the scope of animal health, public health and the impact on the environment. To
carry out the study, 40 tambaqui specimens were evaluated, including males and females, in the
fattening phase, from Maranhão Island. In a laboratory environment, fragments of the caudal
kidney and liver were removed to search for Aeromonas spp. using standardized and reference
microbiological techniques (cultivation, isolation, phenotypic identification) and polymerase
chain reaction for the genotypic characterization of isolates. Subsequently, sensitivity tests were
carried out using the disk diffusion method using 10 antimicrobials representing the penicillin
classes (penicillin G – 10 µg; oxacillin – 1 µg; ampicillin with subactam sodium – 20 µg);
cephalosporins (cefepime – 30 µg; cefoxitin – 30 µg; cefadroxil – 30 µg; and ceftriaxone – 30
µg); quinolones (ofloxacin – 5 µg); aminoglycosides (neomycin – 300 µg); and, macrolides
(azithromycin – 15 µg). The isolates were classified as sensitive, sensitive with increased
exposure and resistant to the evaluated antimicrobial principles and the phenotypes were
classified as having multiple resistance to three or more antimicrobials tested, from different
classes. In total, 132 isolates from 25 fish (82.5%; n= 25/40) were isolated on gelatin phosphate
salt agar, being confirmed for the genus Aeromonas sp. the totality of these isolates, by
performing gram staining (gram negative cocorods) and catalase tests (100% positive) and
oxidase (100% positive). Of these isolates, 56.81% (n= 75) came from the liver and 43.19%
(n= 57) from the caudal kidney. For phenotypic confirmation of these strains, 25 biochemical
tests were carried out with the identification of 114 isolates to species level, which shows a high
identification rate (86.37%). Seven species of Aeromonas were identified with a biochemical
profile compatible with that cited in specialized literature at the following frequencies: A.
veronii by veronii (60.53%), A. caviae (18.42%), A. sobria (5.56%), A. schubertii (5.56 %), A.
veronii by sobria (5.56 %), A. media (2.63 %) and A. hydrophyla (2.63 %). Primers designed
for the detection of Aeromonas spp. presented satisfactory results in PCR amplification, with
47.37% (n= 54) of the isolates confirmed as belonging to the genus Aeromonas. Aeromonas
spp. identified phenotypically showed widespread resistance to penicillin; high percentages of
resistance to oxacillin, cefepime, cefadroxil and azithromycin. The antimicrobials to which the
bacteria showed greater sensitivity were ampicillin associated with sulbactam, neomycin and
ofloxacin. When evaluating multiple drug resistance, 34.21% (n= 39) of the isolates were
considered multiple drug resistance phenotypes. The antimicrobial and antimicrobial classes in
which the isolates showed the highest percentages of resistance, respectively, were penicillins
and cephalosporins and penicillin, oxacillin and cefadroxil. To collaborate with the Aquatic
Animal Health Program in the state of Maranhão in the context of animal health, public health
and the environment, focusing on the results obtained, two technical materials were prepared:
(i) an advisory guide “Aeromonas in Fish: what It is? how to prevent” - with the aim of
providing illustrated information to different audiences interested in the topic; and, (ii) a
guidance manual “Actions of the official veterinary service in the production chain of farmed
aquatic animals” – with the main purpose of guiding the activities of employees linked to the
agricultural health executing body with regard to the health of aquatic animals. It is concluded
that all species identified in the study are considered pathogens of aquatic animals with zoonotic
potential for humans and that correct surveillance of water, food and sanitation facilities, with
the implementation of diagnostic procedures and detection of these agents is essential to the
prevention of infections and outbreaks. Although there are no antimicrobials registered in Brazil
for use in the cultivation of C. macropomum, antimicrobial resistance is present in isolates of
Aeromonas spp. originating from tambaquis in the sampled area. The high frequency of
multidrug resistance of Aeromonas spp. raises concern regarding the cultivation of the fish
sampled, as well as human health given the possibility of human infections by multi-resistant
bacteria. With the technical materials prepared, it is expected that active and passive
surveillance will be more effective and faster, which, invariably, converges to the reduction of
cases and outbreaks of diseases in farms, contributing to animal health and safeguarding the
health of fish, consumers and the environment2024-05-16T00:00:00ZCaracterização de rebanhos e de microrganismos causadores da mastite bovina na promoção de educação sanitária na bacia leiteira da região Tocantina do Maranhãohttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/55112025-10-29T13:57:40Z2024-08-30T00:00:00ZTítulo: Caracterização de rebanhos e de microrganismos causadores da mastite bovina na promoção de educação sanitária na bacia leiteira da região Tocantina do Maranhão
Abstact: The Tocantina region in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, is the main milk-producing
region in the state, needs to improve its productivity indices to explore its productive
potential and increase the income of producers. As bovine mastitis is an important
disease in dairy cattle farming, knowledge of the disease in herds is essential to
implement control and prevention measures appropriate to the region. Therefore, the
objective of this study was to understand the production characteristics, prevalence of
the disease, etiological profile, antimicrobial sensitivity and virulence of the agents
involved in the cases and to promote health education to dairy producers from herds
located in the municipalities of Imperatriz and São Francisco do Brejão, located in the
Tocantina region of Maranhão. Thirty-one herds were visited, of which 17 were located
in the municipality of Imperatriz and 14 in São Francisco do Brejão, where the
diagnosis of clinical and subclinical mastitis was performed, milk was collected from
affected cows for etiological identification, and production characteristics were
assessed applying a questionnaire. At the end of each visit, information was provided
about the productive and hygienic management of milking and an explanation was
given about the occurrence of the disease in the herd and the importance of
implementing some control and treatment measures, according to the reality of the
producer. It was found that milking conditions are, in most cases, precarious, without
adequate infrastructure, and without hygienic, sanitary or nutritional management. The
etiological profile identified mainly included species of the genus Staphylococcus spp.
(78.9%), followed by Bacillus spp. (16.3%), Streptococcus spp. (3.5%) and
Enterococcus spp. (1.3%). The isolates showed good sensitivity to most of the
antimicrobials tested, with staphylococci had sensitivity greater than 95% to cefoxitin,
ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and showing
greater resistance to penicillin (46.7%) and tetracycline (13, 65%). Bacillus spp. were
sensitive to erythromycin (94.44%) and presented an intermediate result for
ciprofloxacin (97.22%). Streptococcus spp. were 100% sensitive to
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 100% resistant to cefoxitin and penicillin and
Enterococcus spp., were 100% sensitive to cirpofloxacin and penicillin and 100%
resistant to tetracycline. Considering the occurrence of virulence genes such as
exfoliative toxins (eta and etb), toxic shock toxin-1 (tst) and methicillin resistance
(mecA), Staphylococcus aureus isolates exhibited the genes in 6.59% of isolated for
eta, 1.09% etb, 39.56% tst and 2.19% for mecA, showing the importance of monitoring,
since these are genes that encode factors that can intensify the severity of the infection
and decrease the antimicrobial response in both animals and humans. Additionally,
there was participation in two Field Days, one on a rural property located in Porto
Franco and the other in Imperatriz, and a lecture was held at the 1st Agricultural Fair
of São Francisco do Brejão, bringing together dairy producers and presenting the
mastitis data found in the region and the challenges it presents. The study showed the
weaknesses of milk production in the region and indicates that public-private
partnerships in the areas of technical assistance, research and extension can be
established and strengthened to contribute to the productive and sustainable
development of milk producers in the dairy basin of the state of Maranhão2024-08-30T00:00:00Z