DSpace Coleção:https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22952026-04-12T15:31:22Z2026-04-12T15:31:22ZBiofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de feijão-caupi: estratégia para a agricultura familiar maranhenshttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/53422025-09-01T18:32:34Z2024-03-29T00:00:00ZTítulo: Biofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de feijão-caupi: estratégia para a agricultura familiar maranhens
Abstact: Agronomic biofortification with zinc (Zn) is an efficient and affordable technique for increasing Zn content in foods. Studies with cowpea (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba) demonstrated that applying 5 kg/ha of Zn to the soil and 4 kg/ha to the foliage increased yield by 18-19%, Zn content by 12-25%, and reduced
stink bug infestations. This technique improves the nutritional quality, pest resistance, and sustainable productivity of cowpea. Furthermore, these same studies, conducted in 2022 with cowpea cultivars (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba), demonstrated that the results showed reductions of 25.8% to 39.6% in
infestation in cultivars treated with Zn. The BRS Guariba cultivar showed lower infestation, indicating greater resistance. This technique is effective for controlling pests and improving agricultural sustainability2024-03-29T00:00:00ZEstabelecimento in vitro de abacaxizeiro cv. Turiaçu e potencial fotoautotrófico em diferentes sistemas de cultivohttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/44982025-05-19T15:19:33Z2022-04-21T00:00:00ZTítulo: Estabelecimento in vitro de abacaxizeiro cv. Turiaçu e potencial fotoautotrófico em diferentes sistemas de cultivo
Abstact: The planting of pineapple 'Turiaçu' carried out in Maranhão, is basically familiar, and conducted in the itinerant system of cutting and burning still going through innovations in the production process. A problem that decreases cv production. 'Turiaçu' and hinders the conquest of new markets is the production of standardized and quality seedlings. Although micropropagation is efficient, a high mortality rate has been observed during
the acclimatization process due to physiological changes caused by the in vitro environment. The use of gas-permeable caps and bioreactors is an alternative that can promote the modification of gas exchange in the growing environment and provide greater rusticity to seedlings. Therefore, the general objective of the work was to establish the micropropagation for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate and photoautotrophic potential under alteration in the concentrations of sucrose of the medium in different cultivation systems. For chapter II. The objective of this work was to establish a micropropagation protocol for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate under different cultivation systems. The in
vitro establishment phase of the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, being four culture media (DM + 2.5 ¿M BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 4 μM de BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 8 μM BAP; and MS + 2 ¿M Of ANA + 12 ¿M BAP) and two types of explants (lateral yolk and stem apex), with 12 replicates per treatment. For the multiplication phase, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), a 3x4 factorial scheme, with three sip-FV, SIP-FM and SIT-PF cultivation systems, four BAP concentrations (4, 8, 12 and 16 ¿M), totaling 12 treatments. The apex explant kaolin of pineapple cv. Turiaçu inoculated in MS medium + 2 ¿M ANA + 8 ¿M BAP presents better responses to in
vitro establishment. The results show that turiaçu pineapple using plantform temporary immersion bioreactor (SIT - PF) with the addition of ms + 2 ¿M ANA + 12 ¿M BAP culture medium presents better responses egarding multiplication rates, with great potential for large-scale plant production. For chapter III: the objective was to evaluate different concentrations of sucrose in different cultivation systems in the in vitro elongation and rooting of turiaçu pineapple in order to improve photoautotrophic micropropagation systems. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), 4x4 factorial scheme, with four cultivation systems: glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps without 17 holes covered by porous membranes to gases (SIP-FV); glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps with two holes of 10 mm each, covered by porous membranes with gases (SIP-FM); Plantform simple bottle temporary immersion bioreactors® (SIT-PF); and temporary immersion bioreactors of ralm® double vials (SIT-RALM), associated with four sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 15 and 30 g L-1), totaling 16 treatments. The results showed that pineapple cv. Turiaçu has photoautotrophic potential, given the development of plants in the absence of sucrose and with the use of systems that enable gas exchange. The treatments BIT-RALM and BIT-PF were what allowed the greatest rusticity for the pineapple plants. In addition, the decrease in sucrose in the culture medium increased the photochemical efficiency of the plants2022-04-21T00:00:00ZFenologia de leguminosas graníferas e efeito de ácido húmico na produtividade de leguminosas inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium no Maranhãohttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29262024-07-26T19:36:36Z2023-02-14T00:00:00ZTítulo: Fenologia de leguminosas graníferas e efeito de ácido húmico na produtividade de leguminosas inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium no Maranhão
Abstact: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important legume for
low-income populations in Northeast Brazil. Just like cowpea, mungbean
green (Vigna radiata), azuki bean (Vigna angularis) and rice bean (Vigna
umbellata) can be alternatives to diversify food and income, but they are
little known by Maranhão farmers. The objective was to evaluate i) the phenology and
field productivity of cowpea, adzuki bean, rice bean and green mung bean,
and ii) the effects of humic acid (HA) on the growth and productivity of
rice bean, cowpea and green mung bean with and without inoculation of
Bradyrhizobium spp, in the humid tropics of Maranhão. In 2019, two
field experiments, with four grain leguminous species: cowpea,
adzuki beans, rice beans and green mung beans. In 2021 an experiment was carried out
in the field. The 3×2×2 factorial arrangement was used: bean species (cowpea, rice bean
and green mung bean), application of HA (with and without) and inoculation with
Bradyrhizobium spp (with and without). The design was in randomized blocks, with
four repetitions (2019) and three repetitions (2021). In 2019, the life cycle of species
ranged from 56 to 70 days. Adzuki beans, rice beans and green mung beans had cycles of
lifespan shorter than that of cowpea. None of the three species showed potential
higher productivity than cowpea. Rice beans were the only species that had
productivity close to that of cowpea. In 2021, with Bradyrhizobium, the AH
increased the productivity of rice beans by 39% and cowpeas by 79.5% in
regarding the non-application of HA. HA did not influence green mungbean productivity
with Bradyrhizobium. Without Bradyrhizobium, HA increased plant productivity
rice beans by 63%, cowpeas by 27.5% and green mung beans by 23% in
in relation to the absence of HA. Our results suggest that rice beans can be
considered promising for cultivation in the humid tropics of Maranhão. Furthermore, the
HA application increases the productivity of rice beans, cowpeas and mungbeans
green regardless of seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium2023-02-14T00:00:00ZBorboletas Frugívoras e a Integridade de Florestas Ripárias na Amazônia Orientalhttps://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29242024-07-26T19:03:11Z2023-07-06T00:00:00ZTítulo: Borboletas Frugívoras e a Integridade de Florestas Ripárias na Amazônia Oriental
Abstact: Butterflies represent a diverse group of insects in riparian forests, which are favored in more
heterogeneous environmental conditions, with microclimatic variations, and microhabitats
and abundant food resources, provided by these riparian ecosystems. Considering the
importance of riparian forests as one of the only forest fragments in anthropized landscapes,
butterflies find shelter, refuge and food in these green areas. Despite being recognized for
their sensitivity to environmental changes, little is known about the effects of anthropic
disturbances on the community of frugivorous butterflies, mainly in riparian forests in the
Maranhão Amazon. The objective of this research was to evaluate how the frugivorous
butterfly community responds to anthropic disturbances and loss of integrity of riparian
forests in urban and peri-urban areas. The research was carried out in 20 riparian areas of
Upaon-Açu Island (Maranhão – Brazil). In each area, two 150-meter transects were
established for the collection of butterflies in 12 traps, in the period of five consecutive days
at the end of the rainy season (2019 and 2021). Vegetation structure parameters were
measured in two plots of 60x10m, four of 4x4m and 1x1m. Physical and chemical parameters
of soil and stream water (quality) were estimated in each riparian area (six samples of each).
A total of 2,392 fruit-eating butterflies (Nymphalidae) were recorded, distributed in 54
species and morphospecies. The most representative subfamily was Satyrinae (26 species), the
most abundant species were Taygetis laches (486 individuals), Colobura dirce (235
individuals), Cissia penelope (194 individuals), Opsiphanis invirae and Hypna clytmnestra
(149 individuals each). The rarest species were Morpho menelaus, Callicore pygas, Temenis
laothoe, Eunica cuvierii, with only one recorded individual. Canopy opening promoted an
increase in the richness, abundance and diversity of frugivorous butterflies, as well as the
greater basal area of trees had a significant negative effect on diversity. Biomass showed an
inverted quadratic effect on diversity, which reduced to a minimum followed by an increase
with greater biomass. Thus confirming that the butterfly community in these areas is favored
by disturbances in the vegetation structure, dominated by generalist and opportunistic species,
adapted to a greater range of environmental conditions and preference for more open areas.
Changes in the composition of the butterfly community were found during the period studied,
in which an ecological group of species was associated with more degraded areas, while
another group was associated with areas with greater riparian habitat integrity. Therefore, the
results of this research work make relevant contributions to the ecological knowledge of
frugivorous butterflies in the Eastern Amazon, providing importante informations for the
systematization of conservation and restoration strategies for remaining riparian forests in
urban and peri-urban areas2023-07-06T00:00:00Z