https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1902 2026-09-21T23:29:25Z 2026-09-21T23:29:25Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6586 2026-09-02T17:47:40Z 2025-12-04T00:00:00Z

Título: Novo protocolo de saneamento de foco junto ao Programa Nacional de Sanidade Equídea Abstact: Equine farming represents an important segment of Brazilian agribusiness, with an estimated herd of 5.79 million animals, including 4.49 million horses, 765,500 mules, and 476,800 donkeys. These animals are responsible for approximately 3.2 million direct and indirect jobs and an annual financial turnover of approximately R$16.5 billion. Remediating outbreaks of notifiable diseases, such as Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) and glanders, has proven challenging in several states due to the high incidence of positive animals and the structural limitations of official agricultural protection services. Control of these diseases is based on the sanitary elimination of infected animals through euthanasia, a procedure that must adhere to technical and ethical principles, ensuring animal welfare and operational safety. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a more efficient, ethical, and operationally viable equine euthanasia protocol for field use, proposing its incorporation into the National Equine Health Program (PNSE) in Brazil and the review of current regulations. Thirty equines were distributed into three experimental groups (n=10): group 1 – euthanasia with penetrative captive bolt (PCB); group 2 – prior sedation followed by the use of PCB; and group 3 – traditional chemical method (control). The level of unconsciousness was assessed by the Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGS), which assigns a score from 1 to 6 to three topics: i) motor activity, ii) brainstem reflex and iii) level of consciousness. By adding up the three topics, the score can range from 3 to 18, with 3 (complete unconsciousness) and 18 (full consciousness). The animals in groups 1 and 2 presented immediate unconsciousness, with average scores of 3.0 and 3.1 ± 0.32, respectively, while group 3 had an average of 6.3 ± 2.68, indicating lower efficiency. The results demonstrated that the use of PCB, with or without sedation, promotes rapid stunning, reduces the total time of care and the risk of exposure for the professional, constituting a safe and humane alternative. Therefore, it is proposed to review Resolution No. 1,000/2012 of the CFMV to include PCB as an accepted method without restriction for equines, and to update Normative Instruction No. 45/2004 of the MAPA, allowing greater participation of independent veterinarians in animal health defense actions.

2025-12-04T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6542 2026-08-31T19:34:38Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Plano de adequação do abatedouro Frigorífico Municipal de Alto Alegre do Pindaré - MA: diagnóstico situacional das condições físicas e higiênicas Abstact: This study aimed to propose an adequacy plan for the municipal slaughterhouse of Alto Alegre do Pindaré – MA, based on the diagnosis of the facility’s physical and hygienic conditions. The research was conducted through the application of a checklist based on current sanitary legislation (ANVISA), microbiological analyses of surfaces in direct contact with meat (equipment and utensils), and bovine carcasses at different anatomical sites (shoulder, brisket, and hind limb), in addition to microbiological and physicochemical evaluation of the water used in the process. Sampling was performed after the stages of skinning, evisceration, and final carcass washing. The checklist indicated a low compliance rate (36%), classifying the establishment as a high sanitary risk. Microbiological analyses revealed deficiencies in the sanitization of utensils, with variations in bacterial load before and after post-slaughter sanitization. The skinning stage presented the highest level of contamination, followed by evisceration, while washing with cold water contributed to the reduction of microbial load. All stages evaluated in the study (skinning, evisceration, and inspection) showed values above the average for mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts, indicating non-compliance at different stages of the slaughter line — especially on the surfaces of the shoulder and brisket. In the case of the hindquarter (round), values were close to the established limit and, in some cases, could exceed it depending on the sample. Furthermore, the water used was unsuitable for consumption, showing non-compliance with potability standards and representing a public health risk. Based on these results, a corrective action plan was developed for adjustments in the local slaughterhouse, directed to the competent authorities, with the aim of reducing contamination risks and ensuring the safety of animal-derived foods intended for human consumption

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6539 2026-08-31T19:24:51Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Defesa Sanitária Animal: efeitos da educação sanitária como ferramenta de fortalecimento do setor agropecuário no município de Morros – MA Abstact: Sanitary education is a fundamental strategy for strengthening animal health defense. As it promotes changes in attitudes and encourages the adoption of behaviors that contribute to ecosystem protection, health promotion, and disease prevention. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sanitary education on animal health defense in the municipality of Morros, Maranhão State, Brazil, based on the analysis of the level of knowledge of rural livestock farmers. This is a mixed-methods study with an exploratory and intervention-based approach, conducted with 51 livestock farmers registered with the Maranhão State Agency for Agricultural Defense (AGED-MA), and children from municipal schools. The data was collected through questionnaires applied before and after educational interventions, in addition to lectures and playful educational activities. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative interpretative analysis. The results indicated an increase in the participants’ level of knowledge regarding animal health defense and notifiable diseases. Prior to the interventions, nearly 90% of the farmers reported not being aware of official sanitary programs. After the educational actions, an increase was observed in the recognition of these programs and in the understanding of AGED’s institutional role, with the total number of mentions rising from 55 to 68. Awareness of the concept of zoonoses increased from 3 to 47 correct responses. Regarding notifiable diseases, there was an increase in mentions of rabies (from 11 to 21), tuberculosis (from 0 to 13), and Newcastle disease (from 0 to 4), as well as a reduction in the number of participants who were unable to identify such diseases (from 28 to 5). While the findings suggest that educational initiatives contribute to expanding farmers' knowledge, the sample's small size and non-probabilistic nature limit the generalizability of the results, which should be interpreted as local trends. It is concluded that sanitary education has definitively contributed to the strengthening of animal health defense defense in the municipality of Morros – MA, highlighting the relevance of continuous educational strategies within the One Health approach

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6375 2026-08-07T17:07:19Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Resposta Imunológica de Bezerras Bubalinas (Bubalus Bubalis) à vacinação com amostra indutora (B19) e não indutora (RB51) de anticorpos aglutinantes Abstact: Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great sanitary and economic importance that affects several animal species, including the buffalo species (Bubalus bubalis), negatively impacting One Health and herd productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response of buffalo heifers vaccinated with the B19 and RB51 strains against brucellosis in the municipality of Viana, located in the Baixada Maranhense region, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Thirty female buffaloes aged between 3 and 12 months were sampled and randomly divided into three experimental groups of ten animals each: Group 1 (G1), vaccinated with the B19 strain; Group 2 (G2), vaccinated with the RB51 strain; and Group 3 (G3), unvaccinated control group. Blood samples were collected on days 0 (pre-vaccination), 14, 90, and 180 post-vaccination. Biological material collected from groups G1 and G3 was subjected to the Buffered Acidified Antigen (BAA) test and the 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) test to detect the post-vaccination immune response. The results showed that the B19 vaccine induced an immune response with 100% of the animals reacting to the BAA test up to day 90, with a decrease in this response by day 180, when 10% of the group showed no reaction. In the 2-ME test, a gradual decline in IgG titers was observed over time, with detectable responses up to day 180. The control group remained negative throughout all periods. In Group 2 (G2), vaccinated with the RB51 strain, the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used to assess the immune response. No reactive animals were detected at any of the sampling times (0, 14, 90, or 180 days). The findings highlight the importance of using diagnostic tests capable of distinguishing vaccinated from non-vaccinated animals to avoid false-positive or false- negative results, as well as the need to develop serological techniques specific for animals vaccinated with non-agglutinating antibody-inducing strains (RB51). Such developments can support vaccination strategies and active surveillance for animal brucellosis, promoting control of this disease in buffaloes in the Baixada Maranhense region.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z