Biblioteca Digital da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1 2026-04-30T18:48:43Z 2026-04-30T18:48:43Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6073 2026-04-30T14:04:36Z 2024-02-16T00:00:00Z

Título: Partição de nicho acústico das aves insetívoras de sub-bosque da reserva biológica do Gurupi Abstact: Birds represent a very diverse group, consisting of different trophic guilds (e.g., insectivores, frugivores, nectarivores, omnivores), which exploit different food resources and occupy varied micro-habitats. These insectivorous birds play a fundamental role in ecosystems as bioindicators of environmental health. However, they are susceptible to the negative effects of habitat disturbance and fragmentation. Passive acoustic monitoring, using autonomous recorders, is a non-invasive and effective tool that allows the study of these birds, offering a practical and low-cost solution to assess aspects of the acoustic interaction of a community over time. Thus, this work had the general objective of characterizing the spectral and temporal acoustic interaction of insectivorous birds in the understory of the Gurupi Biological Reserve. Two autonomous recorders were installed to record the vocalizations of the species. The recorders were programmed to record 1 minute of audio every 4 minutes, 24 hours a day, and were checked at intervals of approximately two months for replacement of the batteries and memory card. The identification and cataloging of the vocalizations was done using the RFCx-ARBIMON platform, and the acoustic niche boundary measurements of the species were obtained by measuring acoustic variables using Raven Pro 1.5 software. Eleven species of insectivorous understory birds belonging to four families were identified. Of these, one species is endemic to the Belém Center of Endemism (CEB). The results show that the temporal and spectral characteristics of bird songs influence how they occupy the sound space, for example, Cercomacra cineracens and Myrmotherula menetriesii sing at the same time and at different frequencies, other species such as Formicivora grisea and Formicarius analis sing at the same time and frequency range between 1600 and 2000 Hz. This behavior may be related to competition, which may generate selective pressure for species to develop characteristics that minimize interference between them. These results are crucial for understanding the vocal communication of insectivorous birds, providing relevant information for conservation and future studies. It is concluded that with the use of autonomous recorders it was possible to identify the detections of bird vocalizations recorded in a collection of passive audio recordings and to determine the sound parameters of insectivorous understory bird species recorded in the Gurupi Biological Reserve.

2024-02-16T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6072 2026-04-30T13:37:04Z 2023-07-21T00:00:00Z

Título: Macrofauna edáfica em uma área de cerrado sob pastejo bovino Abstact: Agriculture is an activity that significantly impacts the soil and its degradation is one of the main impacts caused. In pasture environments, the evaluationof soil fauna has been an important toolin the analysis of soil quality. However, studies carried out in the Cerrado biome with an approach to these organisms are still incipient. In view of this, the present study aimed to compare the macrofauna community inan area under cattle grazing and a non-grazed area inserted in the Cerrado biome. The study was carried out at the Fazenda experimental Paulo Simão in Povoado Ingá, located in the municipality of Caxias-MA. The ascension of the areas was carried out in the months of april/2022 (rainy period) and october/2022 (dry period). For that, two contiguous areas of pastures sampled by Provid and Pitfall traps were used. The collected specimens were sorted, assembled, counted and identified at the order level at the Soil Fauna Laboratory (LAFS) of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, campus Caxias. The obtained data were examined through faunistic analysis. Analyzes of estimated richness, Shannon - Weaner diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness (e) and Margalef richness were performed using the R program. A total of 10,048 specimens distributed in 15 orders were collected and identified. The orders with the highest number of records were: Hymenoptera with 5,801 individuals, Blattodea with 2,486 individuals, Dipterawith 851 individuals, Araneae with 445 individuals and Coleoptera with 272 individuals. Precipitation influenced the distribution of organisms, which was evidenced in area II. The highest values for the Shannon (H') and Pielou Equitability (J) indices were recorded during the rainy season. The richness observed between the types of traps used and the sampling periodin each area. The cumulative curve of orders for areas I and II in dry and rainy periods reached the asymptote indicating sampling sufficiency.

2023-07-21T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6071 2026-04-30T12:44:38Z 2026-09-05T00:00:00Z

Título: A história e cultura afro-brasileira no Ensino de História em Santa Helena Abstact: History as an important field of teaching and research has the mission of improving the knowledge that occurs over time and that dimension society to think about the facts of the past in order to enlighten people's minds in the present. Education is a path that we believe is capable of breaking with certain attributes considered taboo by societies, so it is important to make the school a place of dialogue and motivator of knowledge. This dissertation is a yearning in the face of the changes we want to make in our society and the directions we want to take when we are willing to talk about such significant issues for our lives. Thus, this research consists of an exploratory analysis and documents and books that talk about the subject studied here. In the first chapter we will talk about the legal framework for the teaching of Afro-Brazilian History and Culture, where the social identity of black people will be discussed and, thus, bring some documents that guide the theme of the Teaching of Afro- Brazilian and African History and Culture. In the second chapter, a description of the city of Santa Helena will be made with a historical-cultural focus, bringing the geographical characteristics, foundation process, population, religion, education and Afro-Brazilian and African presence in the municipality. The intention of the third chapter is to analyze the History textbook used by the Santa Helena school system, and to build an analysis of the History contents in the student's 7th year book and in the teacher's manual, as well as to talk about the importance of local history.

2026-09-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6070 2026-04-29T14:58:20Z 2023-07-21T00:00:00Z

Título: Família leguminosae (Juss.) em áreas de condomínios residenciais na cidade de Caxias, Maranhão/Brasil Abstact: In Maranhão, Leguminosae Juss. is the richest family in number of species (445 sp.), with distribution between Cerrado, Amazon and transition areas. Considering Leguminosae as the richest angiosperm family in Maranhão, it is strongly affected by the anthropic events that the Cerrado Maranhense suffers, mainly from the expansion of civil construction. Thus, the research aims to carry out a floristic study of the family in areas of construction and/or implantation of condominiums in the city of Caxias, in Cerrado Maranhense, contributing to expand the knowledge about the mentioned family, mainly about the distribution of floristic diversity in areas that have already undergone alterations, contributing substantially to the adoption of management and conservation practices. Expeditions were carried out for observation, collection and identificationofmaterialscollectedinconstructionareas ofresidentialcondominiums in Caxias-Maranhão. After the collection, herborization and identification of the collected species, the conservation status,habit, origin, endemism and phytogeographic domains of occurrence of the studied taxonomic groups were analyzed using the Species List of Flora and Funga do Brasil. 34 species, 23 genera and 61 specimens distributed in four subfamilies were catalogued: Caesalpinioideae DC., Papilionoideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Groupand Detarioideae Burmeist., the first cited being the most representative for the study with 19 species, and Mimosa L. the genus with the most species (6 sp.) most of the taxa found have a wide distribution, with six species endemic to Brazil, 30 native and the habit of life with greater predominance was tree. With the accomplishment of the work and the high diversity sampled, it is perceived the need for more studies on the botanical family, forms of management and cultivation of native species, mainly with regard to the elaboration of projects within civil construction aimed at sustainability

2023-07-21T00:00:00Z