Análise de viabilidade econômica da integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta no município de Pindaré-Mirim – MA

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of the implantation of an area of crop-livestock-forest integration (ICLF). The work was developed in a Technological Reference Unit (TRU) of ICLF of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Cocais unit, located in the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim, Maranhão. The experimental area was 3.5 hectares (ha), divided into four areas: Treatment I - single corn planting; Treatment II - Barreirão System - corn planting intercropped with pasture. The planting of the grazing seed was carried out at the same time as the maize crop, and the sowing was done between the lines of the maize, with the mixing of the seeds of the grass with the fertilizer (NPK) at the time of planting; Treatment III - Barreirão system with grass reinforcement - corn planting intercropped with pasture. The planting of the grazing seed was carried out at the same moment as the maize crop, and the sowing was carried out between the lines of the maize, and the grass seeds were mixed with the fertilizer (NPK) at the time of planting. The difference of the previous treatment is that there was a reinforcement in the sowing of the grass, being this operation carried out next to the second fertilization of corn cover and; Treatment IV - Santa Fe system - corn planting intercropped with pasture. The planting of the grazing seed was carried out at the same time as the maize crop, and the sowing was done between the lines of the maize and without mixing the seeds of the grass with the fertilizer (NPK). In treatments II, III, IV, seeds of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu were used. The tree component was Eucalyptus, with the purpose of providing animal welfare and another source of income for the long term system, with arrangement used in double rows in the spacing of 3 m x 2 m x 28 m (3 m between rows, 2 m between plants and 28 m between double rows). In the fertilization of planting 400 kg/ha of NPK (5 - 30 - 15 + Zn) were used. The first cover fertilization was performed 10 days after emergence (DAE) of corn with 120 kg/ha of urea and 85 kg/ha of potassium chloride. In 15 DAE, the application of the postemergent herbicides Atrazine and Nicosulfuron, with a dosage of 3 and 0.5 L/ha, respectively, was carried out for the initial control of pasture and broadleaf development. The second cover fertilization occurred 20 DAE with 200 kg/ha of urea. In the 25 DAE, the application of 3.5 L/ha of Grap Nitro foliar fertilizer, 0.35 L/ha Abacus fungicide and 1.5 L/ha Bazuka herbicide was carried out. After the corn harvest, productivity (P) and economic outcome measures were calculated. Gross Income (GI), Gross Margin (GM), Net Margin (NM), Net Income (NI), Leveling Point (LP) and Producer Return Rate (RR) were calculated. All the treatments presented a profit, being the Barreirão System the one that had better results, presenting P of 163 sacks of maize/ha, GI of R$ 6520,00, NI of R$ 2576.41, LP in 99 sacks of corn/ha and RR of 65.33%. The treatments I, III and IV presented, respectively, P of 135, 161 and 143 sacks of maize/ha, GI of R$ 5400,00, R$ 6440,00 and R$ 5720,00, NI of R$ 1666.41, R$ 2389.46 and R$ 1793.37, LP in 94, 102, 99 sacks of maize / ha and RR of 44.63%, 58.99% and 45.67%. The results obtained reinforce the importance of the study of the economic viability to provide the investor with the conditions for the best decision making.