Cavalo Baixadeiro: aspectos históricos, situação atual e possíveis soluções para sua conservação

Abstract

In the region of Baixada Maranhense, a type of native horse stands out, known by the local population as Baixadeiro, characterized by its ruggedness, strength for work, and also endurance. The Baixadeiro horse is predominantly raised freely in the fields, extensively and mainly feeding on native pasture. This study aimed to assess the Baixadeiro horse in its historical aspects, current situation, and possible solutions for its conservation and utilization. A bibliographic survey was conducted through scientific works, detailing relevant aspects related to the subject. The steps followed in the review included preliminary bibliographical identification, compilation of data obtained from reviewed researches, and manuscripts development. Since ancient times, horses have been prominent in the cultural and socioeconomic daily routine of human being. Locally adapted or naturalized breeds are animals from specific locations that exhibit their features resulting from the action of natural selection. The Baixadeiro is limited to the Baixada Maranhense region, constituting an important means of traction for the portion of the community that relies on subsistence agriculture and livestock. It is characterized as a highly resilient animal to the adverse conditions of the region in which it lives. The breeding system of the Baixadeiro horse is presented as being ultra extensive/extensive. However, with artificial selection and indiscriminate crossbreeding with other breeds, the horse has begun to suffer from a decrease in its genetic diversity. Consanguinity or endogamy is also a problem that becomes increasingly present within the Baixadeiro population over the time. Awareness of the importance of this breed and the implementation of conservation measures are essential to ensure that future generations can appreciate and benefit from the presence of this iconic animal