Levantamento de (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae) do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

Aquatic organisms are crucial for maintaining the entire terrestrial ecosystem; they play a fundamental role in assessing and monitoring the impacts of human activities on aquatic ecosystems by serving as bioindicators. Among the Gerromorpha, the family Gerridae is considered the most significant due to its extensive morphological and ecological diversity. The state of Maranhão stands out for its diverse ecosystems and abundant natural resources. However, the sustainability of these resources has been compromised, making research into monitoring these communities essential. The specimens examined came from the Maranhão Zoological Collection and the UEMA Aquatic Entomology Laboratory, originating from collections made between 2010 and 2023 across various municipalities in the state, including environmental conservation areas. Material sorting was conducted at the Biological and Health Sciences Laboratory (LAMCBioS) at the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Bacabal campus. A total of 339 specimens were identified, representing nine species across four genera, all preserved in 80% ethyl alcohol. Identification was performed using a stereomicroscope and taxonomic keys specific to each group. Data were tabulated in a spreadsheet and subsequently used to generate distribution maps for each species using QGIS 3.40.0 (QGIS Bratislava) software. Specimens from several municipalities—including Caxias, Matões, Carolina, Presidente Dutra, and Barra do Corda—were analyzed and identified. Six species were identified, one of which represents a new record for the state. This research significantly enriches knowledge regarding the diversity of aquatic insect fauna in Maranhão.