Impactos emocionais na qualidade de vida do homem em decorrência do diagnóstico de câncer de pênis: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Penile cancer, although globally uncommon, represents a relevant public health issue in Brazil, particularly in the North and Northeast regions, where sociocultural and socioeconomic factors contribute to late diagnosis. This delay often leads to invasive treatments, such as partial or total penectomy, resulting in significant impacts on quality of life, masculine identity, sexuality, and mental health. This study aimed to analyze the emotional and psychological impacts experienced by men diagnosed with penile cancer based on available scientific evidence. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and guided by the PICo strategy. Searches were performed in the PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases using the controlled descriptors “Penile Neoplasms,” “Emotions,” and “Quality of Life,” combined with Boolean operators. Studies published between 2015 and 2023 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. After applying eligibility criteria, seven studies comprised the final sample. The results revealed recurrent emotional impacts, including anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, social stigmatization, reduced self-esteem, and changes in masculine identity, particularly among patients who underwent mutilating surgical procedures. Family, partner, and multiprofessional support, especially nursing care, were identified as protective factors for psychosocial adaptation. It is concluded that penile cancer leads to profound emotional repercussions, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, humanized, and interdisciplinary care aimed at psychosocial rehabilitation and improved quality of life.