Qualidade, perdas e condições de comercialização de frutas e hortaliças na CEASA de São Luís

Abstract

The commercialization of fruits and vegetables is a critical stage in the supply chain, especially in urban centers where the demand for fresh food is high. This study aimed to diagnose the commercialization conditions, losses, and hygienic-sanitary aspects of fruits and vegetables at the Supply Center of Maranhão (CEASA), in São Luís – MA. Twenty points of sale were evaluated through the application of questionnaires and interviews with vendors. The fruits with the highest losses were grapes (1035 kg/week), melon (473.5 kg), and papaya (345.3 kg), while among vegetables, potatoes (622 kg), carrots (405 kg), and onions (370 kg) stood out. Lettuce and parsley showed high loss rates and non-conformities in quality standards, especially in firmness, absence of damage, and dehydration. Only 37.5% of the stalls sold certified products, and 50% offered items with labeling and traceability. The hygienic-sanitary conditions were also concerning: 62.5% of the stalls had pest infestations, and only 7.5% had proper sanitary facilities. It is concluded that there are significant structural and operational deficiencies, requiring public and educational actions aimed at improving commercialization practices, food safety, and loss reduction.