Governança internacional, tratados ambientais e os impactos da exploração de recursos naturais do Ártico nas disputas geopolíticas contemporâneas (2015- 2025)

Abstract

Current geopolitical disputes surrounding the exploitation of natural resources in the Arctic have sparked debates about the structure of international environmental governance in the region, along with questions regarding State’s commitment to global environmental treaties, particularly in the midst of a climate change scenario. In this context, a qualitative, historicalbibliographic study was conducted to map geopolitical interests in the Arctic and their implications for resource exploitation in the region, as well as to analyze the impacts of this scenario on the development of international environmental governance. The information was collected from documents produced by the Arctic Council and other international organizations, as well as books and articles addressing the chosen topic. The study identified that: the Arctic is characterized as a geopolitical space due to its strategic location and availability of physical resources, which are further highlighted by the climate crisis; the interests of international actors such as Russia, the United States, China, the European Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) manifest locally as an expression of the global context of existing power dynamics; and the Arctic Council, as the region’s primary governance structure, has shown institutional shortcomings in representing and defending the territory’s collective interests. Based on this, it was concluded that the Arctic Council, as an intergovernmental forum, and in light of its performance over the years, has failed to establish effective international environmental governance in the Arctic, especially given the growing influence of State interests in the exploitation of Arctic natural resources on local dynamics