Esporotricose felina em São Luís-MA: análise retrospectiva, estimativa exploratória e desenvolvimento de ferramenta tecnológica para controle.

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a fungal zoonosis caused by species of the genus Sporothrix, whose relevance to public health has been increasing, particularly due to the high susceptibility of felines and their potential for transmission to humans. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of feline sporotrichosis in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, from 2020 to 2024, seeking to identify temporal patterns and project future trends of the disease. A retrospective study was conducted based on the analysis of 695 positive cytopathological reports obtained from five veterinary laboratories. Variables related to animal profile, monthly distribution of cases, frequency among species, and geographic origin of the diagnosed animals were investigated. In addition, linear and polynomial regression models were applied to estimate temporal trends through 2025, along with a spatial analysis of cases within the municipality. The results showed a progressive increase in the number of diagnoses over the years, with a higher frequency in male cats (65.2%) compared to females (34.8%). Regarding age group, young adults predominated, accounting for 37.7% of the cases. Concerning breed, there was a marked predominance of mixed-breed animals (684 cases), while only 11 cases involved defined breeds. Monthly distribution indicated variation throughout the year, with fewer records in February and a higher concentration in October. Regression analyses, adopting a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05), indicated a continuous upward trend for 2025. Spatial analysis revealed a cluster with greater concentration in the Cidade Operária region, as well as the emergence of a new focus in the Itaqui-Bacanga area. Based on these findings, the educational application “EsporoVet” was developed to disseminate information on clinical signs, prevention, and appropriate disease management, contributing to health education initiatives and zoonosis control. The development process was structured into four main stages: selection of scientific content, prototype design, development using mobile technologies, and deployment for user access. Overall, the results highlight the expansion of feline sporotrichosis in the municipality and reinforce the need for integrated strategies involving veterinary services, public health, and the community.