Caracterização da cadeia produtiva do sururu (Mytella charruana) como um bioindicador de qualidade ambiental na Costa Amazônica Maranhense

Abstract

The Legal Amazon region in Maranhão state encompasses diverse aquatic ecosystems, in which fisheries acts as an important source of subsistence for the local population. However, heavy human occupation promotes commercial activities, anthropogenic pressures, and changes to estuarine environments, all which may affect the quality of fisheries products. This study aims to assess the supply chain and the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the bivalve mollusk Mytella charruana in the Amazon Coast of Maranhão State. We collected and analyzed samples in the rainy and dry seasons between April, 2022 and January, 2023. To characterize the supply chain of bivalve mollusks, we carried out a survey on the hygiene practices commonly employed by shellfish collectors through in loco observations of collection and processing procedures, and administered a questionnaire. For the microbiological assessment of in natura sururu, we measured the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms and E. coli, and tested samples for Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., and Aeromonas sp. Analyses of physicochemical properties were based on the centesimal composition of fisheries products (humidity, lipids, proteins, and ashes) and pH measurements. The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was assessed through the disk diffusion test. Analyses of metals were carried out at the laboratory of technology in processing laboratory analyses, using the FAAS (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) methods. Data revealed the presence of microorganisms and metals that can be harmful to humans in in natura sururu specimens, in addition to changes in some of the physicochemical properties. We also observed that the hygiene practices adopted in the supply chain, together with the socioeconomic conditions of shellfish collectors, may pose a risk to the shellfish supply in Maranhão Island, Brazil. This highlights the need for improvement in processes, continued training and awareness-raising among shellfish collectors, implementation of regular environmental and sanitation monitoring programs, as well as the implementation of public health policies.