A (Des)construção do evangelho de Cristo: análise do discurso religioso cristão na obra de José Saramago

Abstract

This research aims to analyze how the (de)construction of Christian religious discourse occurs in the work The Gospel According to Jesus Christ (1991), by José Saramago. From this perspective, it intends to analyze the discursive elements, the social practice, and the textual practice of the work in order to understand how the (de)construction of discourses based on the canonical gospels is configured. Regarding the methodology, this is a qualitative-interpretative bibliographic research. For theoretical grounding, it is based on Critical Discourse Analysis from the three-dimensional model of Norman Fairclough (2001, 2003). A priori, the analysis was done considering the structural description of the textual genre of the gospel (historical narrative), the description of the types of discourses, the intertextual and interdiscursive layers found in the discursive practice, and the description of the thematic elements that constitute the gospel, highlighting the ideologies and hegemonies present. The results of this research indicate that there are factors that contribute to the (de)construction of Saramago's gospel, such as the recreation of the canonical history of Jesus and emblematic characters of Christian culture. In the textual realm, it is observed that the text acquires its own structural, grammatical, organizational, and vocabulary characteristics, configured from an oral perspective. Regarding discursive practice, the author uses discourses based on the Holy Bible as a form of criticism and irony towards contradictions and inconsistencies in religious discourse. In the social realm of the analysis, ideologies based on important social issues are evidenced, such as: martyrdom, sacrifice, the role of women in society, sexuality, nudity, and celibacy. Furthermore, the critique constructed in the text emphasizes the hegemonic process established by conservative Christian culture in perpetuating discriminatory and prejudiced doctrines. Thus, this analysis contributes to a broader reflection on the representations of religious discourse in the work of José Saramago, promoting social transformation in a reality constructed under traditional commands