Comportamento da alvenaria estrutural em situações de incêndio: revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This study analyzes the behavior of structural masonry in fire situations and highlights the relevance of this construction system for building safety, considering the absence of specific Brazilian standards on its thermal performance. The study aims to investigate structural damage caused by fire and, complementarily, to develop a systematic literature review, classifying degradation mechanisms, identifying post-fire pathological manifestations, and analyzing applicable national and international technical standards. The research uses a systematic literature review methodology with a qualitative approach, based on articles, theses, dissertations, technical standards, and experimental studies published in recent decades. The results show that blocks and mortars progressively lose strength and stiffness as the temperature increases, with recurring vertical cracking, detachment of coatings, spalling, and loss of resistant section, as well as structural instability associated with thermal differences and load eccentricities. The findings confirm that the performance of structural masonry depends on the interaction between its components and the conditions of exposure to fire, that thermal degradation compromises the overall stability of buildings, and that the country needs a specific standard to address structural masonry in fire situations, as well as standardized technical protocols for post-fire assessment and to guide reinforcement, repair, or demolition interventions.