Inteligência artificial aplicada à mobilidade urbana: uma revisão bibliográfica.

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in urban mobility, focusing on three main technologies: predictive algorithms, intelligent traffic lights, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research adopted a systematic literature review methodology, selecting and analyzing studies published between 2020 and 2025 in order to synthesize the impacts, benefits, and limitations of these technologies in various urban contexts. Based on the review conducted, AI has shown significant potential to optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, improve road safety, and promote more efficient management of public transportation systems. Intelligent traffic lights represent a practical application of weak AI, using convolutional neural networks and models such as YOLOv5 to analyze vehicle flow and adjust signaling times according to demand. Case studies in cities across Latin America and Europe indicate improvements in traffic fluidity, with direct impact on urban operational efficiency. Geographic Information Systems, when integrated with AI, enhance spatial analysis capabilities, allowing for the identification of critical areas, route restructuring, and more rational allocation of public resources. The combination of GIS and AI has enabled advances in the formulation of evidence based public policies, with noteworthy experiences in Brazilian cities such as Pato Branco and Joinville. However, the implementation of these technologies faces significant challenges. These include the need for adequate technological infrastructure, the training of qualified professionals, algorithmic governance, platform interoperability, and the protection of personal data. It is concluded that, although promising, the application of Artificial Intelligence in urban mobility requires an adaptive, integrated, and context-sensitive approach, with a focus on sustainability, equity, and operational efficiency.