Gerenciamento e administração de medicamentos psicotrópicos: dificuldades encontradas por profissionais de enfermagem em ambiente hospitalar.

Abstract

The preparation and administration of drugs is a complex and multidisciplinary task, but with the common objective of maintaining safety and quality in the performance provided to the patient. The lack of information in prescriptions (especially related to drugs, such as psychotropic drugs) can lead to adverse effects on individuals. The study is justified by the relevance of studying the management and administration of psychotropic drugs by the nursing team, to understand possible failures in this process, and propose interventions that can guarantee greater safety for the patient, and greater autonomy and empowerment of nursing. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to analyze the possible difficulties encountered in the administration of psychotropic drugs by nursing professionals in the hospital environment and to demonstrate the behaviors that can be adhered to so that they decrease. This is a descriptive field research, with a quantitative approach. The research scenario was the city of Balsas-MA, having as participants 102 nursing professionals who make up the nursing team of the Balsas Regional Hospital. It was observed that among the participants, 26 (25.5%) are nurses, and 76 (74.5%) are nursing technicians and assistants, in which the prevalence of the age group of 30 - 49 was evidenced. years (67 – 65.7%), and training time between 1 and 5 years of 45.1% (46) and 5 and 10 years of 31.4% (32). Regarding the knowledge of PICS, 85 (83.3%) claimed to know the classes of psychotropic drugs, 73 (71.6%) reported having an understanding of the unit's pharmacovigilance, and 100 (98%) answered correctly about the definition of errors in medication. Regarding the perception of psychotropic administration errors, the most mentioned routes of administration were, respectively, the oral route (77 - 75.5%), intravenous route (64 - 62.7%), intramuscular route (50 - 49%) and subcutaneous route (3 – 2.9%). As the main errors, it was noted that 69 (67.6%) mentioned the wrong dose and 63 (61.8%) reported inadequate dilution. Regarding the causal factor, 94 (92.2%) related the error to the lack of professional attention. Among the participants, 83 (81.4%) deny ever having made any mistake in the administration of psychotropic drugs, however, when this failure occurs, 54 (52.9%) claim that it is identified by other professionals, and the patient progresses to recovery in 41. (40.2%) of the cases. As for the conduct to be taken by professionals in the face of error, 96 (94.1%) say it is necessary to receive training, and as for the conduct to be taken by the head/management, 81 (79.4%) say it is necessary to talk and guide the professional. With regard to conducts in order to prevent errors in the administration of psychotropic drugs, 74 (72.5%) claim that a more attentive professional is essential and 69 (67.9%) state as a suggestion in the need for training and qualification. Performing ethical and legally supported procedures is more than the duty of professionals, it is a guarantee that patients can have the necessary confidence that they will be assisted by a team adequately capable of producing the minimum possible losses, allowing a consequent reduction in the time of hospitalization and recovery of the patient.