Construção de cartilha educativa para profissionais da atenção primária em saúde sobre a prevenção da sífilis congênita

Abstract

Introduction: Syphilis is a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) exclusive to humans, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Researchers estimate that congenital syphilis complicates approximately one million pregnancies worldwide each year. It is the second leading cause of global perinatal mortality, following prematurity. Objective: To construct an educational booklet for primary health care professionals on the prevention of congenital syphilis. Methods: This is a methodological study conducted in four steps: defining the target audience, setting learning objectives, choosing the type of educational material, and selecting the themes. For theme selection, an integrative literature review was conducted with the following research question: “How is the prevention of congenital syphilis addressed in primary health care?” The search was carried out in five databases and one gray literature source: LILACS, BDEnf, MEDLINE, Burry, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The electronic search took place on May 20, 2025. Inclusion criteria were studies addressing the prevention of congenital syphilis in primary health care, with no time or language restrictions. Results: The prevention of congenital syphilis requires the strengthening of Primary Health Care (PHC) and coordination with other levels of care. Studies point to structural deficiencies, low partner adherence to treatment, failures in notification, and lack of follow-up for pregnant women and exposed children. The scarcity of penicillin and discontinuity of care compromise disease control. Strategies such as continuing education, standardized flowcharts, and intersectoral actions have proven effective. Overcoming these challenges requires integrated care networks, culturally sensitive approaches, and political commitment to equity and comprehensive health care. Conclusion: The analysis reveals that the prevention of congenital syphilis in PHC is hindered by structural, organizational, and sociocultural weaknesses. Low professional training, fragmented services, and poor partner engagement impair outcomes. Strengthening PHC—through decentralized treatment, early diagnosis, and health education—is essential. Multiprofessional collaboration, the use of educational materials, and participatory strategies are effective. Addressing these obstacles demands institutional commitment, intersectoral collaboration, and a focus on equity, placing pregnant women and children at the center of care.